Appellate Authority Cannot Ignore Court's View on Disproportionate Penalty, Must Give Due Weightage to Directions: Tripura High Court - 2025-11-03

Appellate Authority Bound by Court's Observation on Penalty, Cannot Arbitrarily Affirm Harsh Punishment: Tripura HC

Agartala: In a significant ruling on the scope of judicial review and the duties of appellate authorities in disciplinary matters, the High Court of Tripura has quashed an order by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation's (ONGC) appellate authority that upheld the removal of an employee from service. The court, presided over by Hon’ble Mr. Justice S.D. Purkayastha, held that the authority acted arbitrarily by failing to give due weight to a prior court direction that the penalty was "quite disproportionate."

The court interfered with the penalty, remanding the matter back to the ONGC's appellate authority for a fresh decision on the quantum of punishment, to be made strictly in line with the court's earlier observations.

---

Background of the Case: A Prolonged Disciplinary Battle

The case involves Sri Subrata Debbarma, an Assistant Superintendent (Chemistry) at ONGC with 25 years of service. In 2017, ONGC initiated a departmental proceeding against him on three charges: 1. Habitual unauthorized absenteeism. 2. Neglect of duty and insubordination. 3. Threatening and intimidating behaviour towards superiors and colleagues.

Following an inquiry, the disciplinary authority found all charges established and, on October 9, 2018, imposed the penalty of "removal from service which shall not be a disqualification for future employment."

This decision sparked a multi-round legal battle. Initially, a Single Judge of the High Court in 2019 quashed the second and third charges as vague but upheld the first charge of absenteeism. However, the judge found the penalty of removal "shockingly disproportionate" for that single charge and directed ONGC to impose a lesser penalty.

ONGC appealed this decision. In 2022, a Division Bench of the High Court set aside the Single Judge's order, allowing the appellate authority to re-examine all three charges. Crucially, the Division Bench affirmed the Single Judge's view on the penalty, directing that the observation that the punishment was "quite disproportionate... must be taken into consideration by the Appellate Authority."

Despite this clear directive, the ONGC appellate authority, in an order dated November 1, 2022, re-affirmed the original penalty of removal from service, leading Mr. Debbarma to file the present writ petition.

---

Arguments Before the Court

For the Petitioner (Sri Subrata Debbarma): Senior Advocate Mr. P. Roy Barman argued that the appellate authority completely ignored the Division Bench's binding direction. He contended that the authority failed to consider key factors like the employee's 25 years of service and did not adhere to the procedural requirements of Rule 51 of the ONGC CDA Rules, 1994, which mandates a thorough review of the penalty's appropriateness.

For the Respondent (ONGC): Senior Advocate Mr. S.K. Deb defended the appellate authority's decision, arguing that the Division Bench had not prevented it from imposing the penalty of removal. He asserted that the judicial scrutiny at this stage should be confined only to the proportionality of the penalty and that the petitioner had been given ample opportunity to defend himself throughout the proceedings.

---

Court's Analysis: The Spirit and Import of Judicial Direction

Justice S.D. Purkayastha, in a detailed judgment, focused on the failure of the appellate authority to comply with the Division Bench's directive. The court noted that while the Division Bench allowed the authority to re-examine all charges, it simultaneously and unequivocally endorsed the view that the penalty of removal was disproportionate.

"...despite a specific direction of the Division Bench that the observation of the learned Single Judge that penalty of removal of the petitioner from service was quite disproportionate to the charge brought against him must be taken into consideration by the appellate authority, it was not given due consideration by the appellate authority."

The court emphasized that the phrase "must be taken into consideration" was not a mere suggestion but a mandatory instruction that the authority was obligated to follow.

"The appellate authority failed to appreciate the basic spirit and import of the said direction... The words ‘must be taken into consideration’ cannot and should not be understood and interpreted with such laxity and elasticity so as to enable the appellate authority to sit over such observation and to affirm the penalty... on the same set of facts based on which such observations were made by both the Ld. Single Judge and then by the Division Bench."

The judgment concluded that this departure from the court's direction manifested "arbitrariness and unreasonableness," warranting judicial interference.

---

Final Verdict and Implications

The High Court quashed the appellate authority's order of November 1, 2022, specifically concerning the affirmation of the penalty. The matter has been remanded back to the appellate authority with a clear directive to decide the nature and quantum of the penalty afresh.

This new decision must be made within four weeks and must strictly adhere to the observations made by the Division Bench in 2022 and by the present court, particularly regarding the disproportionality of the removal from service penalty.

This judgment serves as a strong reminder to administrative and quasi-judicial bodies that court directions, especially those concerning fairness and proportionality, are not optional considerations but binding mandates that must be respected in both letter and spirit.