Delhi Police to Decide in 15 Days Whether to Challenge Brij Bhushan's Acquittal

The Delhi Police now faces a critical 15-day window to decide whether to appeal the acquittal of former Wrestling Federation of India chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh and co-accused Vinod Tomar in a high-profile sexual harassment case. The trial court, in a judgment delivered on August 3, 2024, cleared both accused, branding the allegations as “false and fabricated” and appearing to be “politically” motivated. The decision has sent ripples through the legal community, raising questions about the handling of delayed complaints and the intersection of activism with criminal justice.

Background of the Case

The case originated from a series of protests by top female wrestlers at Jantar Mantar in early 2023. The athletes alleged that Brij Bhushan Singh, then president of the Wrestling Federation of India, had sexually harassed them over a period of years. The protests garnered national attention, leading to the registration of an FIR by the Delhi Police under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, including those related to sexual harassment and criminal intimidation. After investigation, a chargesheet was filed, and the matter proceeded to trial before a Delhi sessions court.

The trial involved testimonies from several witnesses, including the complainant—referred to as PW 5 in the judgment—and other wrestlers who came forward after the protests. The defence argued that the allegations were a coordinated attempt to tarnish Singh’s reputation for political reasons, pointing to the timing and uniformity of the complaints.

Trial Court’s Key Observations

In its detailed judgment, the trial court made several scathing observations that formed the basis for the acquittal. The court noted that before the wrestlers sat on dharna in 2023, there were no allegations of sexual harassment against Singh by PW 5, and “no name of any female wrestler who had faced alleged sexual harassment had been mentioned.” It further observed that the allegations appeared to be “rehearsed, well-practised and planted,” especially given the long delay in filing the complaints.

The judgment stated: “Then the female wrestlers who were selected came forward and then same/similar allegations were incorporated in the tailor made formal complaints drafted in fancy manner with similar excessive decoration and the same were filed on 21.04.2023, before the police.” The court concluded that the case seemed “politically” motivated, a finding that has sparked debate among legal experts about the propriety of attributing political motives in criminal judgments.

The Appeal Calculus for Delhi Police

Under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the state government may direct the public prosecutor to present an appeal against an acquittal. The Delhi Police, as the investigating agency, must now assess whether the trial court’s findings are perverse or against the weight of evidence. A decision is expected within 15 days, as per internal procedural timelines.

Legal experts point out that appeals against acquittals face a high threshold. The appellate court will not lightly interfere unless the trial court’s conclusions are shown to be “clearly unreasonable” or based on a misappreciation of evidence. In this case, the trial court’s strong language—describing the allegations as fabricated—may make it difficult for the prosecution to establish perversity. However, the Delhi Police may argue that the court failed to properly evaluate the credibility of the complainants or the corroborative evidence, such as medical reports and contemporaneous messages.

Legal Implications for Sexual Harassment Cases

This judgment highlights a recurring tension in Indian criminal law: the treatment of delayed complaints in sexual harassment cases. While the law does not prescribe a strict limitation period for such offences, courts often scrutinize unexplained delays. Here, the trial court placed significant weight on the gap between the alleged incidents and the filing of the FIR, especially the fact that the complaints emerged only after the public protests.

The case also underscores the potential impact of political and social movements on criminal proceedings. The court’s observation that the allegations were “politically motivated” may set a precedent for defendants to argue that coordinated activism taints the evidentiary value of complaints. Conversely, women’s rights advocates warn that such reasoning could discourage victims from coming forward, particularly in cases involving powerful figures.

Impact on Legal Practice

For criminal lawyers, this case serves as a reminder of the importance of documenting contemporaneous evidence in sexual harassment matters. The absence of prior complaints, as highlighted by the court, can be fatal to the prosecution’s case. Defence attorneys will likely cite this judgment to argue for stricter scrutiny of delayed and formulaic complaints.

Prosecutors, on the other hand, may need to develop strategies to counter the “political motivation” defence, such as by demonstrating a pattern of behaviour or introducing independent witnesses who can corroborate the victim’s account without reliance on protest dynamics. The Delhi Police’s decision on appeal will be closely watched as an indicator of how law enforcement balances public pressure with evidentiary realities.

Conclusion

As the 15-day deadline approaches, the legal fraternity awaits the Delhi Police’s move. An appeal could lead to a lengthy appellate process, while a decision not to challenge would effectively close the chapter for Brij Bhushan Singh and Vinod Tomar. Regardless of the outcome, the trial court’s remarks have already added a new dimension to the discourse on sexual harassment litigation in India, forcing a re-examination of how courts weigh delay, activism, and credibility in such sensitive cases.