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2000 Supreme(SC) 634

2001(4) Supreme 292
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
G.B. Pattanaik, R.P. Sethi and Shivaraj V. Patil, JJ.
Balwant Singh -Appellant
versus
Partap Singh & Ors. -Respondents
Criminal Appeal No. 608/1992
Decided on 29-3-2000

Important Points

The Court held that where a woman dies unnaturally within seven years of marriage and evidence establishes she was subjected to cruelty or harassment for dowry, the essential ingredients of Section 304-B IPC are satisfied, making the conviction for dowry death sustainable.

Subject

Criminal Law - Dowry Death

Act Referred

Headnote

Indian Penal Code, 1860-Sections 304-B and 201-Order of acquittal by High Court setting aside conviction recorded by trial Court-Deceased died on account of electrocution within seven years of her marriage-High Court by impugned Judgment came to positive finding from evidence that deceased during her life time used to be harassed by husband and in-laws on account of insufficient dowry-Acquittal recording on a finding that prosecution did not establish any unnatural circumstance for death of deceased and convicted accused only under Section 498-A IPC-Appeal-High Court was swayed by fact that in-laws of deceased had sent intimation to parents of deceased which would indicate that they had no ill motive-High Court committed serious error-Accused were liable to be convicted under Section 304-B and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment. (Para 2)

       

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • crime and sentencing
    • offences against the person
      • dowry death (Para 1, 2)
      • cruelty by husband or relatives (Para 1)
    • offences against the administration of justice
      • causing disappearance of evidence (Para 1, 2)

Table of Contents

1. Appeal against acquittal for dowry death and disappearance of evidence — death by electrocution within seven years of marriage — allegations of dowry harassment. (Para 1 )

2. Appellant argues ingredients of Section 304-B IPC are satisfied; respondents contend the prosecution failed to establish the necessary legal ingredients for conviction. (Para 2 )

3. High Court erred by acquitting the accused despite findings of dowry harassment and death within seven years, wrongly swayed by the intimation sent to parents. (Para 2 )

4. Conviction under Section 304-B IPC is warranted when death occurs within seven years of marriage and harassment for dowry is established by evidence. (Para 2 )

5. Acquittal under Section 304-B IPC set aside — accused convicted and sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment — acquittal under Section 201 IPC upheld. (Para 2 )

6. What are the essential ingredients for a conviction under Section 304-B IPC?

The prosecution must establish that the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment by the husband or in-laws in connection with any demand for dowry and died within seven years of marriage. (Para 2 )

7. Does informing the parents of the deceased about the death absolve the accused of a dowry death charge?

No, sending intimation to the parents of the deceased does not absolve the accused persons if the evidence establishes all the necessary ingredients of the offence under Section 304-B IPC. (Para 2 )

8. Can a court convict under Section 498-A IPC while acquitting under Section 304-B IPC if dowry harassment is proven?

Yes, if the court finds evidence of harassment for dowry but concludes that the prosecution failed to establish the necessary ingredients for a dowry death conviction, it may convict under Section 498-A. (Para 1 )

ORDER

This appeal is by the informant against an order of acquittal recorded by the High Court of the charges under Sections 304-B and 201, IPC. Six accused persons stood charge and were tried for having committed an offence under Sections 304-B and 201, IPC on the allegation that the deceased, Rajbala, died on account of electrocution within 7 years of her marriage and she had been subjected to cruelty and harassment by her husband as well as in-laws for demand of dowry, and that the dead body was disposed of without waiting for the parents of the deceased to arrive at the place of occurrence. PWs. 1 and 2, the brother of the deceased and cousin of the deceased were two witnesses examined by the prosecution in support of the case of harassment and cruelty meted out to the deceased by her husband as well as in-laws. The learned Sessions Judge on conclusion of the trial came to the conclusion that there exists no material as against accused Nos. 5 and 6, and therefore, without examining them under Section 313 acquitted them of the charges levelled against them. Relying upon the evidence adduced by the prosecution, particularly, that of PWs 1 and 2, learned Sessions Judge came to the conclusion that the prosecution case has been proved beyond reasonable doubt so far as accused Nos. 1, 2 and 4 are concerned. So far as accused No. 3 is concerned, the learned Sessions Judge acquitted him of the charge and that order of acquittal became final not being assailed by the State by preferring an appeal in the High Court. The convicted accused persons, namely, accused Nos. 1, 2 and 4 who are the mother-in-law, husband and father-in-law respectively, of the deceased preferred appeal against their conviction and sentence. The High Court by the impugned judgment came to a positive finding that the evidence on record is sufficient to establish that Rajbala during her lifetime used to be harassed by her husband and in-laws on account of insufficient dowry, and further demands used to be made. Notwithstanding the aforesaid finding being arrived at, since the prosecution evidence did not establish any unnatural circumstance for the death of the deceased, the High Court acquitted accused Nos. 1, 2 and 4 of the charge under Sections 304-B and 201, IPC. The High Court, however, convicted the accused persons under Section 498-A in view of the conclusion referred to earlier and sentenced them for the period already undergone. It is this order of acquittal of accused Nos. 1, 2 and 4 for the offence under Sections 304-B and 201, IPC which is the subject matter of appeal.

2. Learned Counsel for the appellant contends that the death of the deceased undoubtedly having taken place within 7 years of marriage and that the death being on account of electrocution which is a burnt injury, and the finding of the High Court being that the husband and in-laws had harassed deceased, Rajbala, on account of insufficient dowry, and further demands used to be made, the ultimate conclusion of the High Court that the ingredients of offence under Section 304-B has not been established, is unsustainable in law, therefore, the order of acquittal is wholly unjustified. Learned Counsel appearing for the accused-respondents, however, submitted before us that the High Court having appreciated the evidence and having reached the conclusion that the prosecution has failed to establish the necessary ingredients of the offence under Section 304-B, and having acquitted the same should not be interfered with by this Court after this length of time. In view of the rival submission, the question that arises for consideration is whether the ultimate conclusion of the High Court can be held to be in accordance with law. A bare perusal of Section 304-B would indicate that the necessary ingredients must be held to have been established by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt, once the High Court comes to the conclusion on the basis of evidence adduced that Rajbala during her lifetime used


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