JUDGMENT

A.K. Mathur, J.-In all these appeals common question of law is involved, therefore, they are disposed of by common order.

2. The main question involved in these appeals is what is the scope of Apprentices Act, 1961 vis a vis the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and the Indian Boilers Act, 1923.

3. The Apprentices Act, 1961 was promulgated primarily for the purpose of recruiting the apprentices. The idea behind was strong industrial base across the country. For the industrial growth it was necessary to have trained man power and for that purpose the apprentices were recruited.

4. The Introduction, Objects and Reasons for enacting this Act reads as under:-

INTRODUCTION

"After India gained independence, a wave to have its own strong industrial base swept the country. Backed by Government policies, industrial growth had a quantum leap. With the industrial growth a need was felt to have trained man-power and for that steps were taken to arrange for training of apprentices in the industry. After some years it necessitated that the training being imparted to the apprentices should be regulated by legislation. Accordingly the Apprentices Bill, 1961 was i