B.N.AGARWAL, P.K.BALASUBRAMANYAN
Zoroastrian Co-operative Housing Society LTD. – Appellant
Versus
District Registrar Co-operative Societies (Urban) – Respondent
The key legal principle established is that membership restrictions in a cooperative society, such as those based on community, religion, or belief, are valid and do not violate fundamental rights, provided they are self-imposed and consistent with the society’s objectives and bye-laws. Such restrictions do not constitute an absolute restraint on alienation or transfer of property within the meaning of the Transfer of Property Act, as they are partial and voluntary in nature. The rights of individuals to form associations and enter into contracts are subject to statutory provisions, and courts will uphold the autonomy of societies to prescribe their own eligibility criteria for membership, as long as these do not contravene public policy or statutory provisions.
Judgment
P.K. Balasubramanyan, J.—The Zoroastrian Co-operative Housing Society is a society registered on 19.5.1926, under the Bombay Co-operative Societies Act, 1925. The Society applied to the Government of Bombay for acquisition of certain lands in Ahmedabad District, then in the State of Bombay, under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for the purpose of erecting houses for residential use of its members and to further the aims and objects of the Society. On the Government of Bombay agreeing to the proposal, the Society entered into an agreement on 17.2.1928 with the Government under Section 41 of the Land Acquisition Act. Certain lands were acquired. From the lands thus acquired at its cost and given to it, the Society allotted plots of land to the various members of the Society in furtherance of the objects of the Society. On the reorganization of States, the Society became functional in the State of Gujarat and came within the purview of the Gujarat Co-operative Societies Act, 1961. Section 169 of that Act, repealed the Bombay Co-operative Societies Act, 1925 and in sub-section (2) provided that all societies registered or deemed to be registered under the Bombay Act, the regist
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