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2005(4) Supreme 1
Supreme Court of India
(From Delhi High Court)
Arijit Pasayat & S.H. Kapadia, JJ.
National Insurance Corporation Ltd. —Appellant
versus
Kanti Devi and Ors. —Respondents
Civil Appeal No. 3197 of 2005
(Arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 22703 of 2003)
Decided on 9-5-2005
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Pijush Sharma and Pramod Dayal, Advocates.
Held : Obviously, defence can be raised by the insurer about the licence being fake. By analogy, the insurer can also take a defence that the driver did not have the requisite driving licence to drive a particular type of vehicle. Such defence can be raised and it will be for the insurer to prove that the insured did not take adequate care and caution to verify genuineness or otherwise of the licence held by the driver. The effect of the evidence in this regard has to be considered by the concerned Tribunal. In the instant case, the High Court did not go into the relevant questions at all and relying on Lehru’s case (supra) held that the insurer has to pay the amount and recover from the insured. It has to be noted that in Swaran Singh’s case (supra) the earlier decision in Lehru’s case (supra) was noted. (Paras 9 and 10)
The decision in Swaran Singh’s case (supra) was not before either the MACT or the High Court when the respective orders were passed. Therefore, we think it proper to remit the matter to the MACT for fresh consideration. It shall permit the parties to lead such further evidence as they may intend to lead. The matter shall be decided keeping in view the principle enunciated by this Court in Swaran Singh’s case. (Para 12)
Judgment
Arijit Pasayat, J.—Leave granted.
2. National Insurance Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as the ‘insurer’) calls in question legality of the judgment rendered by a learned Single Judge of the Delhi High Court dismissing the appeal filed by it.
3. Questioning the award made by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Karkardooma Courts, Delhi (in short ‘MACT’), the appeal was filed before the High Court. By the aforesaid award the MACT had held that the respondent no. 1 Mrs. Kanti Devi (hereinafter referred to as the ‘claimant’) was entitled to compensation of Rs. 2,24,800/- together with 8% interest from the date of filing of claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (in short ‘the Act’) i.e. 30.11.1998 till realization of the award excluding certain periods (i.e. from 30.11.1998 to 1.8.2000 and 10.9.2001 to 4.2.2002). The insurer was held liable to compensate the claimant.
4. Background facts as projected by the claimant in the claim petition were that her son Pradeep Kumar lost his life on 4.10.1998 on account of vehicular accident involving Tata Tempo No. DL-1-B-8441 which was allegedly being driven rashly and negligently by Rohani Prasad respondent no.2 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘driver’). The deceased was aged about 22 years at the time of the accident. The offending vehicle belonged to Devender Kumar, (respondent No.3) (hereinafter referred to as the ‘insured’). Before the Tribunal the driver and the owner did not appear.
5. Stand of the insurer before the MACT was that the driver did not possess a valid driving licence, as the driving licence authorised driving of light motor vehicles (private), while driver was driving a transport vehicle (Tata Truck -407). The MACT held that there was nothing to show that the driving licence was fake and that plying of the vehicle involved amounted to breach of conditions of the insurance policy issued by the insurer. It was held that the insurer was to satisfy the award, with right of recovery from the insured. This part of observation of the MACT which led to fastening of liability on the insurer was challenged before the High Court. By the impugned order the High Court dismissed the appeal holding that in view of the decision of this Court in United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Lehru and Ors. (2003 (3) SCC 338) the insurance company cannot escape its liability to pay compensation to the claimant when it has been given right to recover the compensation from the insured.
6. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the High Court’s view is untenable in view of what has been said by a three-Judge Bench decision of this Court in National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Swaran Singh and Ors. (2004 (3) SCC 297). There is no appearance on behalf of the respondents in spite of service of notice.
7. In Swaran Singh’s case (supra) this Court dealt with scope and ambit of Section 149(2)(a)(ii) vis-a-vis proviso appended to sub-section (4) and sub-section (5) thereof. While dealing with cases where the driver who has been granted licence for one type of vehicle at the relevant time was driving another type of vehicle. In para 89 it was observed as follows:
“Section 3 of the Act casts an obligation on a driver to hold an effective driving licence for the type of vehicle which he intends to drive. Section 10 enables the Central Government to prescribe forms of driving licences for various categories of vehicles mentioned in sub-section (2) of the said section. The various types of vehicles described for which a driver may obtain a licence for one or more of them are: (a) motorcycle without gear, (b) motorcycle with gear, (c) invalid carriage, (d) light motor vehicle, (e) transport vehicle, (f) road roller, and (g) motor vehicle of other specified description. The definition clause in Section 2 of the Act defines various categories of vehicles which are covered in broad types mentioned in sub-section (2) of Section 10. They
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