Judgment

VENKATARAMIAH, J.:- In these cases the petitioners and the appellants, as the case may be, have questioned the constitutional validity of the Gujarat Secondary Education Act, 1972 (Gujarat Act No. 18 of 1973) (hereinafter referred to as the Act) which has been enacted to provide for the regulation of secondary education in the State of Gujarat and to establish a Board for that purpose.

2. These cases can be divided into three groups. Writ Petition No. 205 of 1975, Writ Petition Nos. 16988-17055 of 1904 and Writ Petitions Nos. 2837-38 of 1983 are Writ Petitions filed in this Court under Article 32 of the Constitution. T.C. Nos. 9 and 10 of 1905 are Writ Petitions filed under Article 226 of the Constitution in the High Court of Gujarat which have been withdrawn under Article 139A of the Constitution for being heard along with the above Writ Petitions filed in this Court Civil Appeal No. 2440 of 1982 is an appeal filed under Article 136 of the Constitution against the judgment dated July 6, 1981 in Special Civil Application No. 2140 of 1900 of the Gujarat High Court and S.L.P. (Civil) No. 2659 of 1982 is a petition filed against the judgment and order of Gujarat High Court. All