SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
K. RAMASWAMY AND B.L. HANSARIA, JJ.
R. V. Bhupal Prasad, Appellant
Versus State of A.P. and others, Respondents.
Civil Appeals Nos. 7701-7702 of 1995 (arising out of SLP (C) Nos. 15364-65 of 1993),
D/- 11-8-1995.
Transfer of Property Act - Section 105 - Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Section 6 - AP Cinemas Regulation Rules, 1970 – Contract - Transfer - Respondent had demised her property namely on Congress Road to appellant for period of years by lease deed furtherance thereof appellant has been running the exhibition of Cinematograph films in said - Lease by efflux of years contracted expired on When appellant sought renewal of licence granted under Cinemas landlady objected to renewal - Licensing authority and the appellate authority had granted licence but in petition filed by landlady single Judge held that appellant is not in lawful possession of theatre and that therefore the grant of renewal was not justified in law - This was affirmed in and of and dated September - Thus these appeals by special leave – Held, Law respects possession even if there is no title to support it - No one is permitted take law in one’s own hands and to dispossess person in actual settled possession without due course of law - No person can be to become judge in his own case - Object of Section is to discourage people to act in self-help good their title - Licensee in possession for over is settled possession and is entitled to remain in possession and make use of premises for purpose for which it was demised until he is ejected in due course of law - Acquiescence of landlord in this context would be initial unlawful entry into possession and continuation thereafter not to continuance in possession of licensee after expiry or termination of licence - That was what this Court appears to have meant in previous decisions - Take for instance that what licence was granted for couple of years after its expiry by efflux of time or termination if the possession of licensee though unlawful and unjust is not protected the aggressor or mighty would trample upon rights of meet and denial of relief Section would put a premium upon aggression or treachery or tricks - No doubt long delay in disposal of cases due to docket explosion became ruse to unscrupulous litigant to abuse the course of law to protract litigation and remain in just or wrongful possession of property - Landlord could be suitably compensated by award of damages -Appeals dismissed
JUDGMENT :- Leave granted.
2. Smt. Saleha Begum, the 3rd respondent had demised her property, namely, Shahensha Mahal situted on Congress Road, Governorpet, Vijayawada, A. P. to the appellant for a period of 20 years by lease deed dated January 1, 1964 and in furtherance thereof, the appellant has been running the exhibition of Cinematograph films in the said threater. The lease, by efflux of twenty years, contracted thereunder expired on December 31, 1983. When the appellant sought renewal of the licence granted under the A. P. Cinemas (Regulation) Rules, 1970 (for short, the Rules), the landlady objected to the renewal. The licensing authority and the appellate authority had granted licence but in a writ petition filed by the landlady the learned single Judge held that the appellant is not in lawful possession of the theatre and that, therefore, the grant of renewal was not justified in law. This was affirmed in W. A. Nos. 1118 and 1183 of 1992 and dated September 3, 1993. Thus, these appeals by special leave.
3. Sri U. R. Lalit, learned senior counsel for the appellant, contended that in 1983, the Rules have been amended and the pre-existing Rules has been bifurcated into initial grant of licence in Rule 11 (B) and renewal is separately dealt with under Rule 12(B). Rule 11(B), sub-rule (2) envisages proof of lawful possession of the site, building and the equipment, while Rule 12(B) expressly omits to satisfty the requirement. The rule making authority having had knowledge of the decisions rendered by various Courts including this Court on the insistence of proof of lawful possession by the licensee and unlawful or litigious possesission disentitles the licensee to have renewal, rule making authority had done away with the requirement of being in lawful possession at the stage of granting renewal. On interpreatation of the rules, the legislative intendment should be given effect to. The Full Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Smt. Y. Anasuya v. Government of A. P. (1993) 1 Andh LT 661, wrongly interpreted the rule bringing the requirement of being in lawful possession at the stage of granting renewal. He also further contended that the appellant having lawfully entered into possession and having remained in possession during the subsisting period of lease and after expiry thereof, his possession also juridical possession until he is duly ejected by a decree of the Court. His possession cannot be termed to be unlawful nor can he be treated as a rank trespasser. The appellant is in long settled possession. The object of the Rules is to facilitate the exhibition of Cinematograph films to entertain the public. When the licensee is in settled possession protected by general law, he continues to be in lawful possession till he is duly ejected. While interpreting the Rule, the Court would endeavour to give effect to the juridical possession so long as he is not duly ejected in due course of law. The full Bench, therefore, was not right in its conclusion. In support thereof, he placed reliance on the decissions of this Court in Lalu Yeshwant Singh v. Rao Jagdish Singh (1968) 2 SCR 203 :(AIR 1968 SC 620) and in Krishna Kishore Firm v. Govt, of A. P. (1990) Supp (2) SCR 8 at 11: (AIR 1990 SC 2292) He also cited in his support East India Hotels Ltd v. Syndicate Bank 1992 Supp (2) SCC 29.
4. Sri K. Ram Kumar, learned counsel appearing for respondent No. 3, contended that under the conditions of the lease, on its expirty, the appellant had to deliver not only the vacant possession but also the equipment without claiming any compensation. There is nothing to indicate that the landlady had acquiesced in the appellants continuance in possession of the theatre after the expiry of the lease. In fact, the landlady filed O.S.No. 538/85 on the file of the Court of the Principal Subordinate Judge at Vijayawada for eviction of the appellant from the demised premises which would indicate that the possession of the appellant was never
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