SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
G.N. Ray and B.L. Hansaria, JJ.
Criminal Appeal No. 456 of 1986
Decided On: 02.09.1996
Krishnan and another Appellants
versus
State of Kerala Respondent
Criminal Law – Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 302 r/w 34 - Offence of murder - Common intention- Order of enhancement - Whether it is obligatory on the part of prosecution to establish commission of overt act to press into service section 34 of the Penal Code - Appellant, has submitted that presence of P.W. 1 at the place of incident is highly doubtful. He has submitted that according to P.W. 1 he was with deceased and it is his positive evidence that deceased had not taken any food in his presence - But doctor has found undigested rice particles in the stomach of the deceased - There is no evidence that deceased was suffering from any digestive disorder or had taken such quantity of food which could not be fully digested, it was therefore reasonably expected that the rice stated to have been taken prior to 3.30 P.M. was completely digested - Held, A criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of common intention of all". What has to be, therefore, established by the prosecution is that all concerned persons had shared the common intention - Courts mind regarding the sharing of common intention gels satisfied when overt act is established qua each of accused - But then, there may be a case where proved facts would themselves speak of sharing of common intention - It would definitely be permissible to draw inference that both the accused had shared a common intention and the criminal act in question had beer done in furtherance of intention. Section 34 does not require anything more to get attracted - Appeal dismissed.
ORDER
G.N. Ray, J.
1. The judgment dated July 18, 1986 passed by the Division Bench of the Kerala High Court in D. B. Criminal Appeal No. 281 of 1983 preferred by the State of Kerala against the order of acquittal dated February 25, 1985 passed by the Sessions Judge, Manjeri Division, in Sessions Case No. 29 of 1981 is impugned in the instant appeal, it may be slated here that against the said order of acquittal the wife of the deceased preferred Revision Petition before the High Court being Crl. Revision Petition No. 119 of 1983. A show cause notice was also issued by the High Court to the accused, after admitting Criminal Appeal No. 281 of 1983, to show cause against proposed enhancement of their sentence. By the impugned judgment dated July 18, 1986, the High Court disposed of all the said matters by a common judgment. The High Court by allowing the Criminal Appeal No. 281 of 1983 and Crl. Rvision Petition No. 119 of 1983, set aside the order of acquittal passed by the learned Sessions Judge and convicted both the appellants under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced each of the accused to life imprisonment. No order of enhancement has, however, been passed by the High Court.
2. It may also be stated here that accused No. 1, Krishnan being the appellant No. 1 in this appeal has died during the pendency of this appeal. This appeal now relates only to accused No.2, Vijaykumar.
3. The deceased, Madavan, was the younger brother of accused No. 1. Krishnan, and accused No. 2 Vjjay Kumar is the sisters son of both the deceased and the said accused No. 1. The prosecution case in short is that on account of enmity arising out of property dispute, both the accused with a common intention to kill the said Madavan, were waiting for him under a tamarind tree on August 22, 1981 at 9.30 p.m. When Madavan being accompanied by P.W. 1 nephew of the deceased was coming back to his home after lodging a complaint in the Changaramkulam Police Station on account of missing of a pump set of the deceased reached a place called Parappadikkal, both the accused, who were hiding behind a tamarind tree, jumped out in front of the deceased saying that they had been waiting for the deceased. Thereafter, the accused No.2 Vijaykumar inflicted a stab injury on the forehead of the deceased with a knife. When P. W. 1 caught hold of Vijay Kumar in preventing his further attempt to give stab injury on the deceased and made him to put down his knife on the ground, the first accused proceeded towards the deceased who was trying to escape and gave successive dagger blows and thereafter ran towards the paddy field cutting across the road. When P.W. 1 let loose the grip of the second accused and proceeded to rescue the deceased, the second accused also ran away after throwing away the said knife near the place of incident. Hearing the noise made by P.W. 1 and the accused at the time of the incident. P.W. 4 Velayudha Kurup and P.W. 3 Ramakrishnan also reached the place of occurrence. Although the wounds of the deceased were tied with the shirt of P.W. 1, he died at the spot. The F.I.R. was lodged with the Changaramkulam Police Station by P.W. 1 by 11.30 on me same night and the case was registered against both the accused under Section 302 read with Section 34. I.P.C. The Circle Inspector of Police. P.W. 12, took up the investigation on the next day and proceeded to the place of occurrence and prepared a report (Ex. P 18). The dead body was sent to the hospital for post mortem. The house of accused No. 1 was searched and M.Os. 5 to 7 were taken into custody and he was arrested. The second accused was arrested on February 26, 198\. The material objects which were seized during investigation were sent to the Chemical Examiner and the Chemical Report was obtained (Ex. P. 16).
4. The trial Court did not accept that the prosecution case was proved beyond reasonable doubt and therefore acquitted both the accused. The reasons indicated by t
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