JUDGMENT

K. VENKATASWAMI, J.

(1) IN all these appeals a common question of law arises for our consideration. A common argument was addressed by the counsel concerned and that is why they are disposed of by this common judgment

(2) THE U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950(1 of 1951 (hereinafter called "the Act") came into force on and from 1/7/1952. On the publication of a notification under Section 4 of the Act all the estates stood transferred to and vested in the State free from all encumbrances. Section 6 of the Act speaks of consequences of such vesting in the State. It says that on the publication of notification under Section 4 all rights, title and interest of all the intermediaries in every estate in such area including land and in all sub-soil in such estate including rights, if any, any mines and minerals whether being worked or not shall cease and be vested in the State of Uttar Pradesh free from all encumbrances. In the light of the above provision, it appears the Collector, , Agra issued notices to the appellants staling that they should stop mining as they have lost all rights in the mines and minerals. The Collector, further