SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
M M Punchhi, S B Majmudar
SATYA NARAIN, APPELLANT
VERSUS
STATE OF RAJASTHAN, RESPONDENT.
Criminal Appeal No. 619 of 1990, decided on May 6, 1997.
Private Defence - Exceeding Right of Private Defence
Fact of the Case:
The deceased received fatal blows on his head from the appellant and another accused. The appellant and the co-accused had received injuries on their heads earlier.
Finding of the Court:
The High Court extended the right of private defence to the appellant but found that the appellant had exceeded it. The Supreme Court disagreed, stating that the accused were well within their right to cause injuries likely to cause the death of the deceased.
Issues: Whether the appellant had exceeded the right of private defence.
Ratio Decidendi: The accused were found to be well within their right of private defence as the injuries they caused were likely to cause the death of the deceased, and they had received injuries earlier.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, and the appellant was acquitted.
ORDER
1. The High Court has extended to the sole appellant the right of private defence but having exceeded it. The only point thus to be considered in this appeal is whether the appellant had exceeded the right of private defence. In order to get into grip of this question complete details of the incident need not be mentioned. 2. The deceased Gopal who admittedly died at the hands of the appellant and one Kajod accused (who has not appealed) had received four visible injuries on his skull which the doctor opined occasioning as a result of two blows. Besides those there were other injuries on his person. Now these head injuries of the deceased clearly disclose that on the receipt of the same he would have been totally disabled or paralysed to carry forward the assault on the accused persons; He could mount the assault on the accused only earlier. The appellant had as many as four injuries on his person and Kajod coaccused nine injuries. These included injuries on their heads even though they were not grievous in nature. Those injuries were bleeding when the doctor examined them. It would thus be safe to conclude that the accused had received those injuries much before the deceased received the fatal t blows on his head by the accused. Having received injuries on their heads on account of the assault made by the deceased the accused persons were well within their right to cause such injuries which were likely to cause the death of the deceased. There was thus no question of the accused having exceeded the right of private defence. The High Court was in error in placing a fetter on such right. We therefore allow this appeal and order the appellants acquittal.
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