SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
K.G. BALAKRISHNAN AND P. VENKATARAMA REDDI JJ.
T. MOHD. HANEEF, APPELLANT;
VERSUS
DY. COMMISSIONER AND OTHERS
RESPONDENTS.
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3956 OF 1998
DECIDED ON FEBRUARY 19, 2003
ALIENATION - Land Grant - Mysore Land Revenue (Amendment) Rules, 1960 Rule 43-G(4), Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) Act, 1978 Section 4 - The court discussed the conditions of land grant, prohibition of alienation, and the applicability of adverse possession. The court held that the plea of adverse possession could not be entertained due to lack of specific plea and material. The court also ruled that the appellant was not entitled to compensation for improvements made on the land.
Fact of the Case:
The disputed land was granted to one Narasih, subject to a condition that it shall not be alienated for a period of fifteen years. The appellant purchased the land in contravention of this condition. The Assistant Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner held the alienation null and void, and the High Court and Writ Appeal dismissed the appellant's claims. The appellant then appealed to the Supreme Court.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the plea of adverse possession could not be entertained due to lack of specific plea and material. The court also ruled that the appellant was not entitled to compensation for improvements made on the land.
Issues: The issues involved the validity of the alienation of the disputed land, the applicability of adverse possession, and the entitlement to compensation for improvements made on the land.
Ratio Decidendi: The court decided that the plea of adverse possession could not be entertained without specific plea and material. The court also ruled that the appellant was not entitled to compensation for improvements made on the land.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the appeal and held that the plea of adverse possession could not be entertained and the appellant was not entitled to compensation for improvements made on the land.
ORDER
1. THE DISPUTED LAND WAS GIVEN BY WAY OF GRANT TO ONE NARASIH ON 21-11-1961 BY THE STATE. THE SUGUVALI CHIT WAS ISSUED TO THE ORIGINAL GRANTEE ON 20-11-1962 AND HE GOT POSSESSION OF THE LAND. THE APPELLANT PURCHASED THE LAND IN 1966. AS PER RULE 43-G(4) OF THE MYSORE LAND REVENUE (AMENDMENT) RULES, 1960 WHERE THE GRANT IS MADE FREE OF COST OR IS MADE AT A PRICE WHICH IS LESS THAN THE FULL MARKET VALUE, THE GRANT SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE CONDITION THAT IT SHALL NOT BE ALIENATED FOR A PERIOD OF FIFTEEN YEARS FROM THE DATE OF THE GRANTEE TAKING POSSESSION OF THE LAND. THE APPELLANT HAD PURCHASED THE LAND IN CONTRAVENTION OF THE ABOVE-CITED CLAUSE. NOTICE WAS, ACCORDINGLY, ISSUED TO HIM UNDER SECTION 4 OF THE KARNATAKA SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES (PROHIBITION OF TRANSFER OF CERTAIN LANDS) ACT, 1978. THE APPELLANT FILED AN OBJECTION BEFORE THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER. THE OBJECTION OF THE APPELLANT WAS THAT THE PETITIONER KEMPAMMA WAS NOT THE WIFE OF NARASIH, THE ORIGINAL GRANTEE AND, THUS THE APPLICATION WAS NOT MAINTAINABLE. IT WAS SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE SUGUVALI CHIT THAT THE LAND SHALL NOT BE ALIENATED BY THE GRANTEE WITHIN A PERIOD. THE APPELLANT HAD ALSO CONTENDED THAT THE SUGUVALI CHIT WAS ISSUED ON THE GROUND THAT THE GRANTEE WAS A LANDLESS PERSON AND NOT ON THE BASIS THAT HE WAS A MEMBER OF SCHEDULED CASTES OR SCHEDULED TRIBES.
2. THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER CONSIDERED THE CONTENTION RAISED BY THE APPELLANT AND HELD THAT THE ALIENATION WAS NULL AND VOID AND UNDER SECTION 4 OF THE ACT, IT WAS LIABLE TO BE RESUMED AND GIVEN BACK TO THE WIFE OF THE ORIGINAL GRANTEE. AGGRIEVED BY THE SAME, THE APPELLANT PREFERRED AN APPEAL TO THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER. THE APPEAL WAS DISMISSED AND THE APPELLANT PREFERRED A WRIT PETITION BEFORE THE HIGH COURT. THE HIGH COURT DISMISSED THE SAME. THE APPELLANT PREFERRED A WRIT APPEAL AND THE SAME WAS DISMISSED. HENCE, THIS APPEAL BY SPECIAL LEAVE.
3. WE HEARD THE LEARNED COUNSEL FOR BOTH THE PARTIES. THE COUNSEL FOR THE APPELLANT HAS RAISED CONTENTION THAT THE PROVISION OF THE ACT DOES NOT APPLY AND THE APPELLANT PERFECTED HIS TITLE IN RESPECT OF THE LAND BY WAY OF ADVERSE POSSESSION. THE COUNSEL FOR THE APPELLANT SOUGHT TO PLACE RELIANCE ON K. T. HUCHEGOWDA V. DY. COMMR.1 WHEREIN THIS COURT HELD THAT A PLEA OF ADVERSE POSSESSION COULD BE RAISED IN THE SAME MANNER AS IS PRESCRIBED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE LIMITATION ACT. IT WAS STATED IN PARAGRAPH 10 THAT FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING THE PERIOD OF LIMITATION AS TO WHETHER 12 YEARS OR 30 YEARS IS APPLICABLE, IT HAS TO BE EXAMINED ON ITS OWN MERITS AND ON THE MATERIALS PRODUCED IN SUPPORT OF THE SAID CLAIM, ESPECIALLY THE DEED OF GRANT
IN FAVOUR OF THE ORIGINAL GRANTEE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RECORDING A FINDING AS TO WHETHER THE GRANT WAS IN THE NATURE OF ABSOLUTE TRANSFER OF TITLE IN FAVOUR OF C THE GRANTEE OR IT WAS A MERE ALLOTMENT FOR ENJOYMENT OF THE LANDS IN QUESTION. SUCH CLAIM SHALL BE EXAMINED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WHETHER THE CLAIMANT HAD RAISED THIS QUESTION AT THE EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY, THAT IS, BEFORE THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER AND WHAT MATERIAL HAD BEEN PRODUCED BY THE CLAIMANT BEFORE THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER IN SUPPORT OF SUCH CLAIM.
4. IN THE INSTANT CASE THE APPELLANT ADMITTEDLY DID NOT RAISE ANY PLEA D BEFORE THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OR BEFORE THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER. IT IS TRUE THAT THE APPELLANT HAS RAISED A PLEA OF ADVERSE POSSESSION BEFORE THE HIGH COURT BUT NO MATERIAL HAS BEEN PLACED BEFORE THE COURT TO DECIDE THE QUESTION. EVEN THE GRANT MADE IN FAVOUR OF THE ORIGINAL GRANTEE IS NOT AVAILABLE TO THROW LIGHT ON THE QUESTION WHETHER THE GRANT MADE WAS FOR ENJOYMENT OF THE LAND OR WHETHER ANY ABSOLUTE TITLE HAD BEEN TRANSFERRED TO E THE GRANTEE. IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY SPECIFIC PLEA MADE BY THE APPELLANT AND ALSO IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY MATERIAL, WE DO NOT THINK IT IS A FIT CASE WHERE THE PLEA OF ADVERSE POSSESSION CAN BE ENTERTAINED.
5. THE COUNSEL LASTLY PRAYED THAT THE MATTER BE REMANDED TO THE HIGH COURT T
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