JUDGMENT

DR A. S. ANAND

( 1 ) THE controversy in all these cases revolves around the appointment of Assistant-teachers in the primary schools and the fallout of circular-letter, dated 2/07/1989, issued by the State of Bihar. The questions being identical, the same are being disposed of by this common judgment. Before dealing with the individual cases, a reference to the historical background would be necessary.

( 2 ) IN the State of Bihar, appointments of teachers to primary schools were being made since 1970 on the basis of residence of the candidates in a particular district, the objective being to cater to the educational needs of the districts by providing men and resources from that district itself. Advertisements were issued in different districts, inviting applications from the residents of the district having requisite qualifications, for appointment as Assistant-teachers in the primary schools within the jurisdiction of District Education Superintendent. The minimum qualifications and other requirements were set out in the advertisement. Appointments were made from a panel prepared on the basis of qualifications and eligibility of the candidates who had applied for such appo