IMPORTANT POINT
In a summary recovery suit under Order 37 CPC if defendant has no defence or defence is illusory or sham, Court may show mercy by enabling him to try to prove the defence imposing condition that amount claimed should be paid in Court.

Headnote:Civil Procedure Code, 1908—Order XXXVII Rule 1—Summary recovery suit based on four dishonoured cheques—Payments were got stopped by drawer—Single Judge found that defence raised was only for purpose of delaying payment and refused to grant leave—Plaintiff was held entitled to decree for amount Rs. 39,30,856 with interest at 12% from date of suit—In appeal Court found there was no substantial stand of appellant but found that case fell in category where interest of justice would be met if direction for deposit of Rs. 39,30,856/- was made and accordingly granted conditional leave—Appeal by defendant—Position of law—If defendant had no defence or defence was illusory or sham, Court might show mercy to defendant by enabling him to try to prove defence by imposing condition that amount claimed should be paid in Court—In the facts of the case, appellant directed to deposit Rs. 20 lacs as a condition for leave.
       Held : The position in law has been explained by this Court in Milkhiram (India) Private Ltd. & Ors. v. Chamanlal Bros. (AIR 1965 SC 1698) and Mechelec Engineers & Manufacturers v. Basic Equipment Corporation (1976(4) SCC 687). In Sunil Enterprises and Anr. v. SBI Commercial & International Bank Ltd. (1998 (5) SCC 354) the position was again highlighted and with reference to the aforesaid decisions it was noted as follows:
       (a)If the defendant satisfied the Court that he has a good defence to the claim on merits, the defendant is entitled to unconditional leave to defend.
       (b)If the defendant raises a triable issue indicating that he has a fair or bona fide or reasonable defence, although not a possibly good defence, the defendant is entitled to unconditional leave to defend.
       (c)If the defendant discloses such facts as may be deemed sufficient to entitle him to defend, that is, if the affidavit discloses that at the trial he may be able to establish a defence to the plaintiff’s claim, the Court may impose conditions at the time of granting leave to defend the conditions being as to time of trial or made of trial but not as to payment into Court or furnishing security.
       (d)If the defendant has no defence, or if the defence is sham or illusory or practically moonshine, the defendant is not entitled to leave defend.
       (e)If the defendant has no defence or the defence is illusory or sham or practically moonshine, the Court may show mercy to the defendant by enabling him to try to prove a defence but at the same time protect the plaintiff imposing the condition that the amount claimed should be paid into Court or otherwise secured. (Para 8)
       The said principles were recently highlighted in Defiance Knitting Industries (P) Ltd. v. Jay Arts 2006(8) SCC 25.(Para 9)
       Keeping the principles laid down by this court in several cases noted above, we think it would be appropriate to direct the appellants to deposit a sum of Rs.20,00,000/- within a period of three months in the registry of the High Court.(Para 10)

JUDGMENT

Dr. Arijit Pasayat, J.—Leave granted.

2. Challenge in this appeal is to the order passed by a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court granting conditional leave to the appellants to defend in a summary suit in terms of Order XXXVII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the ‘CPC’). Appellants are the defendants in the said suit. The appellants filed an application for leave to defend in the same suit. Learned Single Judge of the High Court found that the grounds taken in the application for leave to defend were sham and moonshine. The plaintiff/respondent had filed the suit in terms of Rule XXXVII Rule 1 based upon four cheques which were purportedly issued by defendant No. 2 i.e. appellant No.2 herein, in favour of the plaintiffs/respondents. The cheques were dishonored with the remark that the payments were stopped by the drawer.

3. The learned Single Judge after considering the various stands taken in the petition came to hold that the defence as raised by the defendants is a moonshine defence and the same is raised only for the purpose of delaying payment for the amount which is due for payment. Learned Single Judge refused to grant leave to defend. The plaintiff was held to be entitled for decree for recovery of the concerned amount i.e. Rs.39,30,856/- along with interest at the rate of 12% p.a. from the date of suit till realization. The plaintiff was also held to be entitled to cost. The said order was challenged in RFA (OS) Nos. 18 and 19 of 2006.

4. Stand of the appellants was that the defence was not moonshine as was observed by a learned Single Judge. The High Court noted that there was no substantial stand of the appellants, particularly in relation to the plea regarding whether the transaction took place between the parties and whether any sales tax forms were given or required to be given.

5. It was contended by the appellants before the High Court that the issue relating to the delivery of the goods could not have been decided by learned Single Judge. The High Court was of the view that there was no substance in the argument. There is a presumption in favour of any negotiable instrument which has been executed in favour of a party in whose favour the instrument has been drawn. However, the Division Bench felt that on perusal of application for leave to defend it was of the considered opinion that the case would fall in the category where interest of justice would be met if direction for deposit should be made. The appellants were directed to deposit the amount of Rs.39,30,856/- to the registry of the High Court. Conditional leave to defend in the aforesaid circumstances was granted to the appellants. Respondent wanted liberty to withdraw the amount on deposit. High Court refused to accede to the prayer. However, it was permitted to move appropriate application before learned Single Judge for withdrawal of the amount, if any. It was observed by the High Court that if there is a default in deposit of the amount as indicated by the appellant, the order and decree passed by the learned Single Judge was to become operative.

6. According to learned counsel for the appellants the High Court was not justified in directing the entire decretal amount to be deposited after having held that leave to defend was to be granted.

7. Learned counsel for the respondent on the other hand submitted that the High Court’s order is not only fair but it is equitable. The amount which appears to be prima facie undisputed is much more than the amount which the High Court has directed to deposit.

8. The position in law has been explained by this Court in Milkhiram (India) Private Ltd. & Ors. v. Chamanlal Bros. (AIR 1965 SC 1698) and Mechelec Engineers & Manufacturers v. Basic Equipment Corporation (1976 (4) SCC 687). In Sunil Enterprises and Anr. v. SBI Commercial & International Bank Ltd. (1998 (5) SCC 354) the position was again highlighted and with reference to the aforesaid decisions it was noted as follows:

(a)

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2007 Supreme(SC) 348

IMPORTANT POINTIn a summary recovery suit under Order 37 CPC if defendant has no defence or defence is illusory or sham, Court may show mercy by enabling him to try to prove the defence imposing condition that amount claimed should be paid in Court.

Cases Referred (4)

IMPORTANT POINT
In a summary recovery suit under Order 37 CPC if defendant has no defence or defence is illusory or sham, Court may show mercy by enabling him to try to prove the defence imposing condition that amount claimed should be paid in Court.