IMPORTANT POINT
Entry in Revenue Records does not confer title on person whose name appears in records of rights and title to property can only be decided by competent Civil Court.

Headnote:Delhi Land Revenue Act, 1954 — Mutation of agricultural land in name of respondent No. 5 on basis of ‘Will’ — Challenged by appellants on plea that no opportunity of hearing was given nor principles of natural justice were complied with — Revenue Authority dismissed the challenge — High Court upheld order in writ — Appeal — Question related to genuineness or otherwise of Will executed in favour of respondent No. 5 — Validity and genuineness of Will could be decided by competent Civil Court and suit to that effect was pending in appellate Court — Mutation effected in Revenue Records on basis of application made by respondent No. 5 on basis of Will could not be said to be an illegality — Entry in Revenue Records did not confer title on a person whose name appeared — Title could be decided by a competent Civil Court — No reason to interfere.
       Held : From the record, it is clear that the main question relates to genuineness or otherwise of Will dated April 14, 1989 said to have been executed by Ratni Devi in favour of respondent No. 5. The validity and genuineness of the Will can only be decided by a competent Civil Court. A suit had already been instituted in a Civil Court and though it was dismissed, the order is subject matter of appeal pending in the appellate court. It is, therefore, neither desirable nor advisable to express any opinion on that question and as and when the matter will come up for hearing, it will be decided on its own merits by the High Court where it is pending. (Para 7)
       So far as mutation is concerned, it clear that entry has been made and mutation has been effected in Revenue Records by Tehsildar on the basis of an application made by respondent No.5 herein and his name has been entered in Record of Rights on the basis of the Will said to have been executed by Ratni Devi. In our opinion, therefore, it cannot be said that by entering the name of respondent No. 5 in Revenue Records, any illegality had been committed by Tehsildar. It is true that no notice was issued to the appellants but the Tehsildar had taken the action on the basis of Will said to have been executed by deceased Ratni Devi in favour of respondent No. 5. The said order has been confirmed by the Collector as also by Financial Commissioner. When the grievance was made against the said action by filing a Writ Petition, the High Court also confirmed all the orders passed by Revenue Authorities under the Act. We see no infirmity so far as that part of the order is concerned. (Para 8)
       There is an additional reason as to why we need not interfere with that order under Article 136 of the Constitution. It is well settled that an entry in Revenue Records does not confer title on a person whose name appears in Record of Rights. It is settled law that entries in the Revenue Records or Jamabandi have only ‘fiscal purpose’ i.e. payment of land-revenue, and no ownership is conferred on the basis of such entries. So far as title to the property is concerned, it can only be decided by a competent Civil Court (vide Jattu Ram v. Hakam Singh and Ors., AIR 1994 SC 1653). As already noted earlier, Civil Proceedings in regard to genuineness of Will are pending with High Court of Delhi. In the circumstances, we see no reason to interfere with the order passed by the High Court in the writ petition. For the foregoing reasons, the appeal deserves to be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed. (Paras 9 & 10)

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The judgment states that an entry in Revenue Records does not confer title; title can only be decided by a competent Civil Court. (!) - The genuineness or validity of the Will can only be decided by a competent Civil Court, and ongoing civil proceedings regarding the Will are pending with the High Court. (!) - Mutation in Revenue Records was effected by Tehsildar on the basis of a Will; the legality of that mutation was upheld by Revenue authorities and cannot be deemed illegal merely due to lack of notice, with the matter subject to Civil Court proceedings. (!) - The appeal was dismissed; the Court clarified it was not expressing a final opinion on the Will’s genuineness or on compensation awards in land acquisition. (!)

What is the effect of entry in Revenue Records on title to property?

What is the proper forum to decide the genuineness or validity of a Will affecting property mutation?

What is the scope of the High Court or Civil Court's authority regarding mutation entries and disputes arising from Will-based transfers?

JUDGMENT

C.K. Thakker, J. — Leave granted.

2. The present appeal arises out of judgment and order passed by the High Court of Delhi on April 25, 2003 in Civil Writ No. 4560 of 1998. By the said order, the High Court confirmed the order passed by Revenue Authorities by which the name of respondent No. 5 was mutated in the Revenue Records.

3. Shortly stated the facts are that one Data Ram was the common ancestor of the appellants as also respondent No. 5. He was the owner of agricultural land admeasuring 216 Bighas and 19 Biswas comprised of several Khasra numbers, situated in the Revenue Estate of village Bawana, Delhi. Data Ram died in the year 1948. He was survived by six sons and two daughters; three sons and one daughter from the first wife and three sons and one daughter from the second wife. Ratni Devi was a daughter from the second wife. After the death of Data Ram, the land was mutated in the names of his eight children and each of them was given 1/8th share. In 1987, two sons of Data Ram, namely, (i) Bhagwana, and (ii) Hari Singh instituted a suit No. 81/87 for declaration and permanent injunction averring therein that two daughters of deceased Data Ram, namely, (i) Smt. Jee Kaur, and (ii) Smt. Ratni Devi had no right in the land and they could not have inherited any share in the land since they were already married. The suit was ultimately compromised. Names of the appellants were added as legal heirs of Ratni Devi who died on June 14, 1989. It is alleged by the appellants that respondent No. 5 forged a Will purported to have been executed by Ratni Devi on April 14, 1989 stating therein that she was the full and absolute owner of 1/8th share which she inherited from her father Data Ram and that she had given the said share to respondent No. 5 who was her step-brother’s son. On the basis of the above Will, respondent No. 5 applied to Tehsildar, Narela, Delhi under the Delhi Land Revenue Act, 1954 to mutate the land said to have been owned by deceased Ratni Devi in the name of respondent No. 5 and to enter his name in the Revenue Records. No notice was given to the appellants, no opportunity of hearing was afforded, nor principles of natural justice were complied with and Tehsildar entered the name of respondent No. 5 in Revenue Records by effecting mutation in the name of respondent No. 5 in khatauni on March 19, 1997. As soon as the appellants came to know about the fact of mutation entry in Revenue Records in favour of respondent No. 5, they preferred an appeal to Collector, North District, Kanjhawala, Delhi. The appeal, however, was dismissed. A further appeal before the Financial Commissioner, Delhi also met with the same fate. A Writ Petition to the High Court of Delhi being C.W.P. No. 4560 of 1998 was, therefore, filed by the appellants. It was also dismissed as observed earlier, against which the appellants have approached this Court.

4. It was also the case of the appellants that in 1997-98, certain lands were acquired by the Government under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and an award No. 1 of 1997 was passed for Rs.3,60,00,000/-. Being heirs of deceased Ratni Devi, the appellants herein made an application under Sections 29-31 of the said Act asserting that they were the real heirs of deceased Ratni Devi and were entitled to compensation of Rs. 45 lakhs, being the share of the deceased. In spite of the above facts, substantial amount of Rs.45 lacs had been paid to the respondent No. 5 on March 23, 1998. The said action was also illegal and unlawful.

5. It is asserted by the appellants that on April 22, 1998, the appellants instituted a suit challenging validity and genuineness of the Will alleged to have been executed by deceased Ratni Devi in favour of respondent No. 5. The appellants, however, came to know that advocate Satbir Singh Gulia, who was engaged by the appellants and instructed to file a suit had not filed such suit for cancellation of Will. Hence, the appellants filed another suit being Civil

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2007 Supreme(SC) 517

IMPORTANT POINTEntry in Revenue Records does not confer title on person whose name appears in records of rights and title to property can only be decided by competent Civil Court.

What is the effect of entry in Revenue Records on title to property?

What is the proper forum to decide the genuineness or validity of a Will affecting property mutation?

What is the scope of the High Court or Civil Court's authority regarding mutation entries and disputes arising from Will-based transfers?

IMPORTANT POINT
Entry in Revenue Records does not confer title on person whose name appears in records of rights and title to property can only be decided by competent Civil Court.