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2008 Supreme(SC) 163
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & P. SATHASIVAM
State of Rajasthan - PETITIONER
Versus
Madan Singh - RESPONDENT
(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 3629 of 2006)
Decided On : 01/02/2008
Headnote:
Indian Penal Code , 1860 – Section 511 – Section 376 - Respondent allegedly committed rape on a minor girl aged about 10 years - There is no need to refer to factual position in detail as High Court has upheld conviction - It only needs to be noted that on basis of evidence adduced, trial Court found that victim was aged about 10 years - Only point which was urged before High Court in addition to question of sentence was that offence at best was one - It was submitted that accused had suffered custody of about 6 years and, therefore, he being only bread earner of family and being of young age, sentence should be reduced to period already undergone - Plea was opposed by State stating that in view of statutory minimum sentence provided, no leniency was called for - High Court found that trial Court was justified in holding appellant guilty of offence punishable - As victim was aged about 10 years, it held that considering factual position after assigning reason minimum sentence can be reduced - Having so observed, High Court reduced sentence to seven years and a fine of Rs -5,000/- with default stipulation with following conclusions was imposed – Held , Measure of punishment in a case of rape cannot depend upon social status of victim or accused - It must depend upon conduct of accused, state and age of sexually assaulted female and gravity of criminal act - Crimes of violence upon women need to be severely dealt with socio-economic status, religion, race, caste or creed of accused or victim are irrelevant considerations in sentencing policy - Protection of society and deterring criminal is avowed object of law and that is required to be achieved by imposing an appropriate sentence - Sentencing Courts are expected to consider all relevant facts and circumstances bearing on question of sentence and proceed to impose a sentence commensurate with gravity of offence - Courts must hear loud cry for justice by society in cases of heinous crime of rape on innocent helpless girls of tender years, as in this case, and respond by imposition of proper sentence - Public abhorrence of crime needs reflection through imposition of appropriate sentence by Court - There are no extenuating or mitigating circumstances available on record which may justify imposition of any sentence less than prescribed minimum on respondent - To show mercy in case of such a heinous crime would be a travesty of justice and plea for leniency is wholly misplaced - legislative mandate to impose a sentence for offence of rape on a girl under 12 years of age, for a term which shall not be less than 10 years, but which may extend to life and also to fine reflects intent of stringency in sentence - Proviso, of course, lays down that court may, for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in judgment, impose sentence of imprisonment of either description for a term of less than 10 years - Thus, normal sentence in a case where rape is committed on a child below 12 years of age is not less than 10 years RI, though in exceptional cases "for special and adequate reasons" sentence of less than 10 years RI can also be awarded - It is a fundamental rule of construction that a proviso must be considered with relation to principal matter to which it stands as a proviso particularly in such like penal provisions - Courts are obliged to respect legislative mandate in matter of awarding of sentence in all such cases - Recourse to proviso can be had only for "special and adequate reasons" and not in a casual manner - Whether there exist any "special and adequate reasons" would depend upon a variety of factors and peculiar facts and circumstances of each case - No hard and fast rule of universal application can be laid down in that behalf - Appeal is allowed
JUDGMENT
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur. A learned Single Judge by the impugned judgment while upholding the conviction for offence punishable under Section 376 (2)(f) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short the IPC ), reduced the sentence from 10 years to 7 years.
3. The respondent allegedly committed rape on a minor girl aged about 10 years on 29.8.1999. There is no need to refer to the factual position in detail as the High Court has upheld the conviction. It only needs to be noted that on the basis of the evidence adduced, the trial Court found that the victim was aged about 10 years. The only point which was urged before the High Court in addition to the question of sentence was that the offence at best was one under Section 376 read with Section 511 IPC. It was submitted that the accused had suffered custody of about 6 years and, therefore, he being only bread earner of the family and being of young age, the sentence should be reduced to the period already undergone. The plea was opposed by the State stating that in view of the statutory minimum sentence provided, no leniency was called for. The High Court found that the trial Court was justified in holding the appellant guilty of offence punishable under Section 376 (2)(f) of IPC. As the victim was aged about 10 years, it held that considering the factual position after assigning reason the minimum sentence can be reduced. Having so observed, the High Court reduced the sentence to seven years and a fine of Rs.5,000/- with default stipulation with the following conclusions was imposed:
After having considered the entire matter and also taking into consideration the submission of learned counsel that the accused is a young person who is the only bread earner of his family and his kids who have now grown up need his supervision, I deem it proper to reduce his sentence under Section 376(2)(f) to a term of 7 years with fine of Rs.5,000/- in default, to further suffer one year s simple imprisonment and modify the order of learned trial Court to that extent.
4. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that when minimum sentence is prescribed, only for adequate and special reasons the sentence less than minimum provided for can be imposed. In the instant case the reasons indicated did not meet the requirement of law.
5. The respondent has not entered appearance in spite of service of notice.
6. Both in cases of sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 376 the court has the discretion to impose a sentence of imprisonment less than the prescribed minimum for adequate and special reasons . If the court does not mention such reasons in the judgment, there is no scope for awarding a sentence lesser than the prescribed minimum.
7. It is to be noted that in sub-section(2) of Section 376 I.P.C. more stringent punishment can be awarded taking into account the special features indicated in the said sub-section. The present case is covered by Section 376(2)(f) IPC i.e. when rape is committed on a woman when she is under 12 years of age. Admittedly, in the case at hand the victim was 10 years of age at the time of commission of offence.
8. The measure of punishment in a case of rape cannot depend upon the social status of the victim or the accused. It must depend upon the conduct of the accused, the state and age of the sexually assaulted female and the gravity of the criminal act. Crimes of violence upon women need to be severely dealt with. The socio-economic status, religion, race, caste or creed of the accused or the victim are irrelevant considerations in sentencing policy. Protection of society and deterring the criminal is the avowed object of law and that is required to
