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2008 Supreme(SC) 769

2008 (8) SCC 521
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
R.V. Raveendran and Lokeshwar Singh Panta, JJ.
Jaladi Suguna (Deceased) Through LRs. - Appellant
Versus
Satya Sai Central Trust & Ors. - Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 3375 of 2008
Decided On: May 5, 2008

Headnote:

Civil Procedure Code,1950 - Rule 5 of Order 22 - Consequential injunction - Portion of suit property - Declaring that said gift deed - Appellants claim to be legal representatives of one said had filed a suit in OS Court of Sub-ordinate Judge Vijayawada seeking a declaration that the registered gift deed executed by her in favor of first Respondent Trust respect of the suit property was null and void and for a consequential injunction restraining said Trust from interfering with her rights - Trust was first defendant and tenant in occupation of a portion of suit property was second defendant in the said suit - Held, Relief sought by in suit was one in regard to which right to sue would have survived to her legal representatives if she had died during the pendency of suit - She successfully prosecuted the suit and obtained the decree declaring the deed to be void said decree would continue to be in force unless it is set aside in a manner known to law. It could be set aside in an appeal filed by aggrieved party but only after hearing plaintiff who had secured decree - Pronouncement of judgment in a case can be only after case has been heard - Vide section 33 Order 20 Rule 1 and Order 41 Rule 30 of Civil Procedure Code When respondent - Plaintiff died and his/her estate remains unrepresented it cannot be said that the appeal was heard - Appeal Disposed of

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The Court held that when a respondent in an appeal dies and the right to sue survives, the legal representatives must be brought on record before the court can proceed with the appeal. (!) - Filing an LR application alone does not bring on record; the court must determine who the legal representatives are and bring them on record before hearing merits. (!) - The rules require that the legal representative issue be resolved prior to or in conjunction with hearing the appeal, and that hearing the appeal against a dead person is impermissible. (!) (!) - The High Court should first decide who represents the deceased party and then bring those representatives on record, followed by hearing the appeal on merits. (!) (!) - The judgment can be null if the appeal is heard without proper representation of the deceased party. (!) - The remedy provided: restore the appeal, determine the rightful representatives, bring them on record, and then hear the appeal on merits. (!) - The High Court should decide disputes between competing claimants to the estate (e.g., widower vs. appellants) before finalizing representation for the appeal. (!) - The High Court should dispose of the appeal within six months after determining representation. (!)

What is the procedure for determining the legal representatives of a deceased party in an appeal under Order 22 Rule 5 CPC?

What happens if the legal representative of a deceased respondent is not brought on record before hearing an appeal?

What should the High Court do upon death of a respondent in an appeal to ensure proper representation before deciding merits?


R.V. Raveendran J.

1. Leave granted. Heard.

2. The appellants claim to be the legal representatives of one Jaladi Suguna. The said Suguna had filed a suit in OS No.658/1987 in the Court of Sub-ordinate Judge, Vijayawada, seeking a declaration that the registered gift deed dated 27.3.1980 executed by her in favour of the first Respondent Trust (`Trust for short) in respect of the suit property was null and void and for a consequential injunction restraining the said Trust from interfering with her rights.

3. The Trust was the first defendant and the tenant in occupation of a portion of the suit property was the second defendant in the said suit. The said suit was decreed by the Trial Court by Judgment and Decree dated 25.8.1999, declaring that the said gift deed to be void and restraining the Trust from interfering with her possession.

4. Feeling aggrieved, the Trust filed Appeal Suit No.294/2000 in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh. Suguna who was the first respondent in the said appeal, died during the pendency of the appeal, on 21.3.2002. The Trust herein filed an application (CMP No.10258/2002) to bring her husband (the third respondent herein) on record, as her legal representative.

5. The appellants, who are the nieces and nephews of Suguna filed an application (CMP No.13807/2002) seeking leave to come on record as her legal representatives. The husband of the deceased claimed that she died in testate and he was the sole legal heir. Incidentally, he also supported the case of the Trust in the litigation. The appellants claimed that the deceased had bequeathed the suit property to them under a will and they were interested in representing and safeguarding the estate of the deceased which included the suit property and they should therefore be permitted to come on record as the legal representatives of the deceased. Thus, there was a dispute as to who is or are the legal representatives of the deceased Suguna. Therefore, the High Court directed the Trial Court, under the proviso to Rule 5 of Order 22 of Code of Civil Procedure (`CPC for short) to try the said question and submit its finding.

6. The Trial Court accordingly, held an enquiry and submitted a report dated 28.11.2005 recording a finding that the deceased Suguna had executed two wills dated 27.4.1989 and 24.12.2002 in favour of the appellants under which the suit property was bequeathed to them. On this finding, their application to come on record as legal representatives of the deceased Suguna deserved to be accepted.

7. On the receipt of the said report, the High Court ought to have determined the question as to who are the legal representatives of the deceased Suguna, as required by Order 22 Rule 5 CPC. But it did not do so. Instead, it proceeded to hear the main appeal itself as also the said two LR applications and rendered its Judgment dated 19.9.2006.

8. In the judgment, it formulated the following two points as arising for its consideration in the appeal :

(i) whether the gift deed dated 27.3.1980 was void; and (ii) whether the suit was barred by limitation. It considered the said two points and answered them in the affirmative in favour of the Trust. Thereafter, it referred to the death of Suguna during the pendency of the appeal and the dispute arising on account of two LR applications. It considered the rival claims and the finding of the trial court. It disagreed with the finding of the trial court and held that it was not satisfied that Suguna had executed any will in favour of appellants. Consequently, CMP No.10258/2002 filed by the Trust to bring on record the third Respondent as the legal representative of the deceased Suguna was allowed and CMP No.13807/2002 filed by the appellants herein was dismissed. The High Court however clarified that its findings in regard to legal representatives being summary in nature, the appellants can agitate their right in an independent legal proceeding. In view of its finding on the two points relating to merits, the Hig





















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