Judgment :-

S.H. Kapadia, J.

Leave granted.

2. In this civil appeal filed by the assessee we are concerned with accounting treatment of Advance Against Depreciation ("AAD", for short).

3. We are concerned with assessment year 2001-02.

4. Assessee is a public sector enterprise registered under the Companies Act, 1956. Its accounts are prepared in accordance with Parts II and III of Schedule VI to the Companies Act. The entire shareholding of the assessee is with Government of India. Its accounts are audited by Comptroller and Auditor General of India. They are laid before both the Houses of Parliament.

5. Assessee is required to sell electricity to State Electricity Board(s), Discoms etc. at tariff rates notified by CERC. The tariff consists of Depreciation, AAD, Interest on loans, Interest on working capital, Operation and Maintenance Express, Return on equity.

6. On 26.5.97, GOI introduced a mechanism to generate additional cash flow by allowing generating companies to collect AAD by way of tariff charge. It was decided that the year in which Normal Depreciation fell short of original scheduled loan repayment installment (capped at 1/12th of the original loan) such shortfall would be collected as Advance against Future Depreciation. In other words, once the loan stood re-paid, the Advance so collected would get reduced from the Normal Depreciation of the later years, and such reduced depreciation would be included in the tariff, in turn lowering the tariff.

7. How to account for such an advance is the issue before us?

8. According to the Authority for Advance Rulings (AAR), the assessee supplied electricity at the tariff rate notified by CERC and recovered the sale price, which became its income; that, in future the said sale price was neither refundable nor adjustable against the future bills; that, the sale price (which includes AAD) was shown as "sales" in the profit and loss account; that, it was received in terms of the invoice raised by the assessee and, therefore, it was "income" in the year of receipt. However, according to AAR, when it came to computation of book profit, assessee deducted the AAD component from total sale price and only the balance amount net of AAD was taken into profit and loss account and book profit. Consequently, AAR ruled (which is challenged herein) that reduction of AAD from the "sales" was nothing but a reserve which has to be added back on the basis of clause (b) of Explanation-I to Section 115JB of the Income-tax Act, 1961 ("1961 Act", for short).

9. We quote hereinbelow Explanation-I to Section 115JB of the 1961 Act which reads as under:

"Explanation 1 - Fr the purposes of this section, "book profit" means the net profit as shown in the profit and loss account for the relevant previous year prepared under subsection (2), as increased by--

(a) xxx

(b) the amounts carried to any reserves, by whatever name called, other than a reserve specified under section 33AC; or

xxx

if any amount referred to in clauses (a) to (h) is debited to the profit and loss account, and as reduced by ..."

10. We find merit in this civil appeal. On reading Explanation-I, quoted above, it is clear that that to make an addition under clause (b) two conditions must be jointly satisfied:

(a) There must be a debit of the amount to the profit and loss account.

(b) The amount so debited must be carried to the reserve.

11. Since the amount of AAD is reduced from sales, there is no debit in the profit and loss account. The amount did not enter the stream of income for the purposes of determination of net profit at all, hence clause (b) of Explanation-I was not applicable. Further, "reserve" as contemplated by clause (b) of the Explanation-I to Section 115JB of the 1961 Act is required to be carried through the profit and loss account. At this stage it may be stated that there are broadly two types of reserves, viz., those that are routed through profit and loss account and those which are not carried via profit and loss accou