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1992 Supreme(SC) 16

(2009) 16 Supreme Court Cases 772
K. JAYACHANDRA REDDY AND R.C. PATNAIK, JJ.
JAGTAR SINGH – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF PUNJAB – Respondent.
Criminal Appeal No. 251 of 1981
Decided on : February 11, 1992

Headnote:Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sections 100, 302 and 304 - Private Defence – Exceeding right of - Accused caused the death of two persons - Plea of self-defence duely corroborated by medical and circumstantial evidence - Entitled to the benefit of doubt - Accused have exceeded right of self-defence - Conviction ordered to be altered - Altered from under Section 302 Indian Penal Code to that under Section 304 Indian Penal Code.

       [Para 5]

ORDER

1. The appellant, Jagtar Singh was tried along with two others for an offence punishable under Section 302 IPC read with Section 34 IPC. The accusation against him was that he caused the death of Balkar Singh and Nirmal Singh by firing at them with a gun. The prosecution examined some eyewitnesses. Doctor's evidence also proved that the two deceased died of 9 gunshot injuries.

2. The accused Jagtar Singh also had injuries which were caused by a firearm. He pleaded in his statement under Section 342 CrPC before the trial court that two deceased and other persons armed with guns shot at him and he in his self-defence had shot at them and that resulted in causing injuries to the deceased persons, who died. The trial court acquitted the other two accused, but convicted the appellant under Section 304 Part I IPC and sentenced him under each count to ten years' imprisonment, but directed the sentences to run consecutively. He was further convicted under Section 27 of the Arms Act for two years' rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs 500.

3. The State preferred an appeal and the High Court held that the offence committed by the appellant was one punishable under Section 302 IPC and under each count, namely, causing the death of two persons, sentenced him to imprisonment for life. This appeal is preferred against the said judgment of the High Court.

4. The learned counsel for the appellant submits that the High Court has not properly appreciated the right of self-defence and that the injuries found on the appellant would go to show that he was shot at and, therefore, his plea that in exercise of right of self-defence he shot at the two deceased persons should have been accepted and he should have been acquitted completely.

5. From the abovestated facts it can be seen that the case lies in a narrow compass. While according to the prosecution the accused intentionally caused the death of two persons, the defence case is that in exercise of the right of self-defence he caused the death of the deceased persons.

6. Dr. Pritam Singh, who examined the appellant on the same day found as many as 8 injuries and all of them were caused by a firearm and they were fresh. Some of the injuries were on the chest. The prosecution came forward with an explanation that another person, by name, Kartar Singh, PW 11, who was in the company of the two deceased persons shot at the appellant and caused those injuries and, therefore, the deceased were not responsible for those injuries.

7. On the other hand, the appellant has taken a specific plea of right of self-defence. He stated before the trial court that on the day of occurrence the two deceased armed with guns along with another person broke into his house and the deceased Balkar Singh opened fire at him as a result of which he (the appellant) sustained firearm injuries, and in order to defend himself he fired a shot in the air in spite of that the assailants did not retreat. Thereupon in order to defend his own person he fired at the assailants, who at that time were at a short distance and on his firing the two deceased persons received injuries and dropped on the ground.

8. The appellant further stated that he went to the police station to give a report, but he was taken to the hospital where he was examined by the doctor. The doctor who had been examined as a witness supports his defence. The accused has taken a specific plea of right of self-defence and it is not necessary that he should prove it beyond all reasonable doubt. But if the circumstances warrant that he had a reasonable apprehension that death• or grievous hurt was likely to be caused to him by the deceased or their companions, then if he had acted in the right of self-defence, he would be doing so lawfully.

9. The plea of the appellant in the circumstances of the case cannot altogether be rejected. It is plausible. The occurrence had taken place in front of the house of the appellant. He had categorically stated that the two decea


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