SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
SWATANTER KUMAR & GYAN SUDHA MISRA, JJ.
Radhakrishna Nagesh
Versus
State of Andhra Pradesh
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1707 OF 2009
Decided on : 13-12-2012
Constitution of India,1950 - Article 136 - Indian Penal Code,1860 - Sections 363 and 376(2)(f) - Criminal Procedure Code,1973 - Section 173(2) - Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Section 3(2)(v) – FIR - Punishment - Case brought on record by prosecution factual matrix of case as per prosecution is accused/appellant was working as ball picker in S.V. University tennis court Tirupati and in that capacity he was having the custody of the key to the storeroom situated on the south-east of the tennis court tennis net and other articles were stored in this place accused saw a girl named who was standing alone outside the red building - It may be noticed that mother of victim girl was working as a maidservant in the red building attached to University - victim belonged to Scheduled Caste category and was about of age at the time of the incident accused asked her to come along with him - At first she refused but accused enticed her on the pretext of purchasing gold colour plastic bangles – Held, Court while acquitting accused was that neither showed any injuries on body nor reflected that rape was attempted on the victim. In our considered view course of appreciation of evidence and application of law adopted by Trial Court was not proper - It was expected of the Trial Court to examine the cumulative effect of complete evidence on record and case of prosecution in its entirety - contention that which was authored by upon examination of victim neither recorded any injuries on her person nor that she was raped - It is for reason that PW9 had not recorded any final opinion and kept the matter pending, awaiting the FSL Report - Furthermore she had noticed that her parts were tender to touch - vaginal swabs and vaginal wash were taken and slides were preserved - She was also sent to the hospital for further examination - Thus cannot be looked into in isolation and must be examined in light other ocular and documentary evidence - In peculiar facts and circumstances of the case was not even expected Investigating officer examine the victim particularly in relation to her private parts –Appeal dismissed
Key Points: - The judgment discusses evaluating conflicts between ocular (witness) and medical evidence and how to weigh them (p_15, p_18, p_40, p_41) (!) (!) (!) (!) - It addresses whether conviction can be based on the sole testimony of the prosecutrix and when corroboration is required (p_33, p_64, p_65, p_83) (!) (!) (!) (!) - It analyzes what qualifies as penetration under rape laws, including the possibility of slight penetration and the sufficiency of penetration for conviction (p_56, p_57, p_59, p_60, p_57) (!) (!) (!) (!)
JUDGMENT :-
Swatanter Kumar, J.
1. The present appeal is directed against the judgment dated 23rd January, 2009 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh whereby the order of acquittal dated 11th February, 1999 passed by the Trial Court was reversed. The appellant, while impugning the judgment under appeal, raised the following contentions: -
1. The High Court could not have interfered with the judgment of acquittal of the Trial Court which was very well-reasoned, based upon proper appreciation of evidence and was in consonance with the settled principles of law. The High Court, thus, has exceeded its jurisdiction by interfering with the judgment of acquittal of the Court of Sessions.
2. There are serious contradictions between the ocular and the medical evidence which materially affect the case of the prosecution. Therefore, the accused is entitled to a reversal of the judgment of the High Court.
3. There was no sexual intercourse between the appellant and the victim. The prosecution has not been able to establish any link between the commission of the alleged offence and the appellant.
4. The case of the prosecution is based upon the sole testimony of the victim. All these circumstances, examined cumulatively, entitle the accused for an order of acquittal.
5. Lastly, the punishment awarded to the accused is too harsh.
2. These contentions have been raised with reference to the case brought on record by the prosecution. The factual matrix of the case as per the prosecution is:
3. The accused/appellant was working as a ball picker in S.V. University tennis court, Tirupati, and in that capacity he was having the custody of the key to the storeroom situated on the south-east of the tennis court. The tennis net and other articles were stored in this place. On 7th September, 1997 at about 7.00 p.m., the accused saw a girl named A. Haritha, who was standing alone outside the red building. It may be noticed, that the mother of the victim girl, namely Sampuramma, PW5, was working as a maidservant in the red building attached to the University.
4. A. Haritha, the victim belonged to the Scheduled Caste category and was about 11 years of age at the time of the incident. The accused asked her to come along with him. At first she refused but the accused enticed her on the pretext of purchasing gold colour plastic bangles. When she agreed to accompany him, he bought her the bangles and then took her to the store room near the tennis court, the key to which he was possessing. He opened the lock and took the victim inside the room and committed rape on her against her will. In fact, he even threatened to assault her. One Narayanaswamy, PW3, a rickshaw puller, who was waiting by the side of Gate No. 3 of the S.V. University noticed the accused taking the victim into the store room and thus, became suspicious. He went to the store room and tapped the door several times. However, the accused did not open the door at first, but upon further insistence of PW3, he did so. PW3 saw the victim girl weeping. The accused slammed the door. Suspecting that the accused might have done some wrong to the minor girl, Narayanswami, PW3 bolted the door from outside and ran to inform the authorities and/or the police. On his way he met Sub-Inspector of Police, Traffic P.S., Tirupati, Sh. S.M. Ramesh, PW1, who was standing near the NCC Office traffic point and informed him of the incident. Immediately, PW1 along with another Traffic R.S.I, R. Sivanandakishore, PW4, accompanied by PW3 went to the said storeroom, opened the door from outside and found the victim girl A. Haritha. She complained of pain in her vaginal region. PW1 took the victim girl as well as the accused to the SVU Campus Police Station and made a complaint, Ex. P.1, based upon which FIR, Ex. P.7 was registered under Sections 363 and 376 (2)(f) of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (for short ‘IPC’) and Section 3(2)(v) of the Schedule Castes and the S
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