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1949 Supreme(SC) 19
Privy Council At Lahore
Sir Malcolm Macnaghten, Sir John Beaumont, Sir Madhavan Nair, Justice Lord Oaksey, JJ.
Bhagwan Das -Appellant
Versus
The King. -Resopndent
Privy Council Appeal No. 63 of 1947
Decided On : 06-04-1949
Important Points
Subject
Constitutional Law - Executive Powers
Act Referred
Headnote
Facts of the case:
An appeal was filed in the High Court by the Advocate-General. The appellant challenged the validity of the proceedings on the ground that the appeal was signed and filed by the Advocate-General and not by the Public Prosecutor. A notification had previously been issued by the Governor appointing the Advocate-General to be a Public Prosecutor generally for the province under the relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Findings of Court:
The court found that the Advocate-General, by virtue of the appointment notification, was a Public Prosecutor and was therefore entitled to file the appeal. The court rejected the argument that the Governor lacked the power to make such an appointment.
Issues: Whether the Governor had the authority to appoint the Advocate-General as a Public Prosecutor under the Criminal Procedure Code, and whether such appointment fell within the executive authority of the Province as vested by the Government of India Act.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the appointment of Public Prosecutors is a part of the executive authority of the Province. Since the executive authority of the Province is vested in the Governor, the Governor is entitled to appoint the Advocate-General as a Public Prosecutor. (Para 9)
Result: Appeal dismissed.
High Commissioner for India, King, White, Lambert, King, Miss Tyabji, B. Sen, L. Saunders
Special leave to appeal was granted in this case without their Lordships being acquainted with the necessary documents, which were no doubt not available. Leave was granted limited to the question of whether or not the proceedings were valid having regard to the fact that the appeal was signed and filed in the High Court by the Advocate- General and not by the Public Prosecutor.
[2] The relevant documents have now been produced before their Lordships, and the facts are as follows :
[3] By the Government of India Act, 1935, it was provided by S. 55, that every Province was to have an Advocate-General. On 1st April 1937, the Government of India Act, came into force. On 3rd April 1937, a notification in the Gazette provided that in exercise of the powers conferred on him by S. 492, Criminal P. C. 1898, the Governor of the Punjab is pleased to appoint the Advocate-General of the Punjab to be a Public Prosecutor generally for the Punjab. On 5th April 1937, two days later, Mr. Ram Lall was appointed Advocate-General. On 9th February 1938, he was appointed a Judge. On 11th February 1938, Mr. Sleem, the officer who filed the appeal to the High Court in these proceedings, was appointed Advocate-General.
[4] In their Lordships' view, by his appointment as Advocate-General, he became a Public Prosecutor under the provisions of the notification in the Gazette of 3rd April 1937.
[5] In 1940 Mr. Basant Kishen was appointed an assistant to Mr. Sleem as Advocate-General, and by a notification in the Gazette on 11th November 1940, he was appointed a Public Prosecutor.
6. Those are the relevant documents. In those circumstances, it appears clear to their Lordships that Mr. Sleem, the Advocate-General, was a Public Prosecutor and was entitled to file this appeal.
[7] It was submitted on behalf of the appellant that under S. 492, Criminal P. C. sub-s. (1), which provides that "The Provincial Government may appoint, generally, or in any case, or for any specified class of cases, in any local area, one or more officers to be called Public Prosecutors," the Governor of the Punjab had no power to appoint the Advocate-General to be a Public Prosecutor under that section because the Governor was not the Provincial Government for that purpose.
[8] The attention of counsel for the appellant was drawn to S. 49, Government of India Act, 1935. He submitted that it was no part of the executive authority of a Province to appoint Public Prosecutors within the meaning of S. 492, Criminal P. C. and that, therefore, the Governor had no power under the provisions of S. 49, Government of India Act, to make this appointment.
9. Their Lordships are unable to accept this argument. It appears to them that it was a part of the executive authority of the Province to make appointments to the post of Public Prosecutor and that, the executive authority of the Province being vested by S. 49, Government of India Act, in the Governor, he was entitled to appoint the Advocate-General a Public Prosecutor.
[10] For these reasons their Lordships will humbly advise His Majesty that this appeal should be dismissed.
Appeal dismissed.
