IMPORTANT POINT
Criminal complaints cannot be quashed only on the ground that allegations made therein appear to be of a civil nature.

JUDGMENT

L. NAGESWARA RAO, J.

Leave granted.

1. The Trial Court issued process to the Respondents in the complaint filed by the Appellant. The Writ Petition filed by the Respondents against the issuance of process was allowed. The High Court set aside the process issued by the Trial Court as affirmed by the Revisional Court in the Criminal Writ Petition filed by the Respondents. Aggrieved thereby, the Appellant has filed this appeal.

2. It was alleged by the complainant that her father Shamrao Nalavade expired on 17.01.1994. The Respondents were accused of forgery and preparing false documents on the basis of which a development agreement dated 11.12.2002 came into existence. On the basis of the above facts, the complainant alleged that the Respondents made themselves liable for being prosecuted under Sections 420, 465, 467, 468, 471 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the IPC’). The complaint that was filed on 18.11.2008 was sent for investigation under Section 156 (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. The police submitted a report stating that the matter appeared to be of a civil nature.

3. The Trial Court recorded the statement of the husband of the Appellant and directed issuance of process to the Respondents. The Respondents filed a revision challenging the issuance of process against them which was dismissed. The High Court allowed the Writ Petition filed by the Respondents, holding that the dispute is of a civil nature, and criminal proceedings against the Respondents would be an abuse of the process of law. The High Court recorded a finding that the disputed document cannot be stated to be a sham document, as Shamrao during his lifetime stated on oath that he had handed over the possession of the land to the Respondents. The submission made on behalf of the Respondents that the matter is entirely of a civil nature was accepted by the High Court.

4. The only point that arises for our consideration in this case is whether the High Court was right in setting aside the order by which process was issued. It is settled law that the Magistrate, at the stage of taking cognizance and summoning, is required to apply his judicial mind only with a view to taking cognizance of the offence, or in other words, to find out whether a prima facie case has been made out for summoning the accused persons. The learned Magistrate is not required to evaluate the merits of the material or evidence in support of the complaint, because the Magistrate must not undertake the exercise to find out whether the materials would lead to a conviction or not [Sonu Gupta v. Deepak Gupta and Ors. 2015 (3) SCC 424].

5. Quashing the criminal proceedings is called for only in a case where the complaint does not disclose any offence, or is frivolous, vexatious, or oppressive. If the allegations set out in the complaint do not constitute the offence of which cognizance has been taken by the Magistrate, it is open to the High Court to quash the same. It is not necessary that a meticulous analysis of the case should be done before the Trial to find out whether the case would end in conviction or acquittal. If it appears on a reading of the complaint and consideration of the allegations therein, in the light of the statement made on oath that the ingredients of the offence are disclosed, there would be no justification for the High Court to interfere [State of Karnataka v. M. Devendrappa and Anr. 2002 (3) SCC 89].

6. Defences that may be available, or facts/aspects which when established during the trial, may lead to acquittal, are not grounds for quashing the complaint at the threshold. At that stage, the only question relevant is whether the averments in the complaint spell out the ingredients of a criminal offence or not [Indian Oil Corporation v. NEPC India Ltd. and Others, 2006 (6) SCC 736].

7. Relying upon the aforementioned judgments of this Court, Mr. M. N. Rao, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Appel