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2019 Supreme(SC) 445

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
L. NAGESWARA RAO, M.R. SHAH, JJ.
Anurag Soni – Appellant
Versus
State of Chhattisgarh – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 629 of 2019, SLP (Criminal) No. 618 of 2019
Decided On : 09-04-2019

Advocates Appeared:
For Petitioner(s): Mr. C.B. Gururaj, Adv. Mr. K.P. Singh, Adv. Mr. Prakash Ranjan Nayak, AOR
For Respondent(s): Mr. Praveen Chaturvedi, AOR Ms. Jyoti Chaturvedi, Adv. Addya Mishra, Adv. Mr. Pranav Sachdeva, AOR Ms. Neha Rathi, Adv. Mr. Jatin Bhardwaj, Adv.

IMPORTANT POINT
Consent given for intercourse on false promise of marriage is a consent on misconception of fact and the accused will be guilty of rape.

Headnote:Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 376 r/w section 90 and Section 114A, India Evidence Act, 1872 – Accused giving promise to prosecutrix to marry, without any intention to do so – Prosecutrix giving consent for intercourse on such promise – Consent given on misconception of fact u/s 90 – Accused would be guilty of rape u/s 376. (Para 12)

       (2013) 9 SCC 113; (2006) 11 SCC 615; (2013) 16 SCC 651 – Relied upon

       Criminal Appeal No. 248 of 2011 (Del) – Cited with approval

       (2019) SCC Online 3100; (2016) 4 SCC 140; (2013) 7 SCC 675; (2003) 4 SCC 46; (2005) 1 SCC 88; (2018) SCC Online SC 3106 – Distinguished

       Facts of the case:

       The appellant was convicted for the offence under Section 376(1) of the IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and to pay a fine of Rs. 50,000/- in default of payment of fine, to further undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months.

       The conviction and the sentence was confirmed by the High court.

       Finding of the Court:

       Courts below have rightly convicted the appellant-accused under Section 376 of the IPC.

       Result: Appeal partly allowed.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - (!) The judgment holds that consent given for intercourse on a false promise of marriage amounts to consent obtained on a misconception of fact under Section 90 IPC. - (!) Section 114A of the Evidence Act creates a presumption of absence of consent when intercourse is proved and the prosecutrix states she did not consent. - (!) The standard of evaluating consent involves considering whether the promise to marry was made with mala fide intent from inception. - (!) Deepak Gulati and related decisions are discussed to distinguish mere breach of promise from rape, emphasizing deceit and misrepresentation. - (!) The fact that a promise was made at an early stage with immediate relevance is key to determining misconception of fact. - (!) - (!) The Court affirmatively holds that sexual intercourse obtained under misconception of fact constitutes rape under 375 IPC; conviction under 376 IPC is proper. - (!) - (!) The Court discusses the moral and societal implications of rape and affirms conviction despite subsequent marriages of either party. - (!) - (!) The sentence for 376 IPC can be reduced to seven years RI from ten years, as a modification in this case. - (!) - (!) The appellant's arguments relying on prior decisions were rejected; the Court concluded the facts fit the scenario of misconception of fact.

What is the impact of a false promise of marriage on a prosecutrix's consent under Section 90 IPC in rape cases?

What constitutes consent in rape cases where it is alleged to have been obtained on misconception of fact due to a promise to marry, and how does Section 114A Evidence Act apply?

Whether a false promise to marry, made with no bona fide intent to marry from inception, can sustain a conviction under Section 376 IPC and how the sentence should be calibrated?


JUDGMENT :

M.R. SHAH, J.

1. The application for impleadment of the prosecutrix is allowed in terms of the prayer made.

1.1 Leave granted.

2. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order dated 10.10.2018 passed by the High Court of Chhattisgarh at Bilaspur in Criminal Appeal No. 1270/2014, by which the High Court has dismissed the said appeal preferred by the appellant herein - the original accused and has confirmed the judgment and order of conviction passed by the learned trial Court convicting the original accused for the offence under Section 376(1) of the IPC and sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and to pay a fine of Rs. 50,000/- in default of payment of fine, to further undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months, the original accused has preferred the present appeal.

3. The prosecution case in brief was that the prosecutrix was the resident of Koni, Bilaspur, District Bilaspur. Prosecutrix was familiar with the accused since 2009 and there was love affair between them. The appellant had even proposed her for marriage and this fact was within the knowledge of their respective family members. At the time of incident, accused was posted as Junior Doctor in the government hospital of Maalkharoda and at that time the prosecutrix was doing her studies of Pharmacy in Bhilai. On 28.4.2013 the accused expressed his desire to the prosecutrix that he wanted to meet her and accordingly on 29.4.2013 at 7.25 a.m. the prosecutrix boarded Durg Danapur Express train and reached Sakti railway station from where the accused took her on a motorcycle to his house situated at Maalkharoda and there she stayed from 2 pm of 29.4.2013 to 3 p.m. of 30.4.2013 and during this period despite refusal of the prosecutrix the accused established physical relation with her on the pretext of marrying her. On 30.4.2013 the accused asked the prosecutrix to leave by saying that on 1st or 2nd May he will talk to his parents about their marriage and he will soon marry with her. On 30.4.2013 at about 6 in the evening accused Anurag Soni and the prosecutrix reached Bilaspur by train and from where their friend namely Umashankar took them on a motorcycle to the house of Mallika Humne, friend of prosecutrix, where the accused dropped her and went back. Next morning accused dropped the prosecutrix at Railway Station, Bilaspur from where she boarded train for Bhilai (Durg). Accused asked the prosecutrix not to tell about the incident to anyone and as a result of which the prosecutrix did not disclose the incident to anyone, but from 2.5.2013 to 5.5.2013 the prosecutrix had repeatedly asked from the accused about the marriage and when she did not receive any reply from the accused, on 6.5.2013, she informed her family members about the incident and then the family members of the prosecutrix had gone to the house of accused at village Kharod and informed his family members about the incident whereupon the family members of accused had said that now marriage of accused and prosecutrix was the only option available. In the meantime, members of both the families used to visit house of each other, however, after keeping the prosecutrix and her family members in dark for about two months, the accused had refused to marry the prosecutrix and performed marriage with another girl and then on 21.6.2013 the prosecutrix submitted written report (Ex. P3) in the police station Maalkharoda in respect of rape committed by the accused upon her on the pretext of marriage based on which FIR (Ex.P4) for the offence under Section 376 of IPC was registered against the accused.

3.1 That during the course of investigation, the investigating officer recorded the statement of concerned witnesses including the prosecutrix. The investigating officer collected the medical evidence and other evidence. The accused was arrested. After





































































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