ORDER :

1. These appeals are preferred against the judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court answering the following question in the affirmative that is in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee :

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the assessments for the years 1960-61, 1961-62 and 1962-63 have been validly reopened under Section 147(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 ?

2. The appellant is the Andhra Bank Limited and the assessment years concerned are 1960-61 to 1962-63. The bank was following the calendar year as its accounting year. In the course of its banking business, it was purchasing Government securities and also selling them from time to time. On Government promissory notes and securities, interest is payable on specified dates, but, all the same, the transferor or the transferee can calculate the interest which has accrued on such promissory notes and pay or receive such amount of interest on the date of and up to the date of purchase or sale. The assessee was also adopting this method and it was being accepted by the income-tax authorities until the assessment year 1958-59. However, with effect from the assessment year 1959-60, the assessee changed its method of returning income with respect to the transactions in securities. It attached a note to its return of income stating that by following the aforesaid method, the bank was experiencing several difficulties in the matter of accounting and therefore it is changing the method of accounting with effect from the accounting year relevant to the assessment year 1959-60. According to this changed method of accounting, it appears, the bank ignored the accrued amounts of interest paid or received relating to the broken periods. The bank further submitted that the excess amount received from the sale of securities was a capital receipt. Though he did not pass a specific order to that effect, the Income-tax Officer accepted this change in the method of accounting and made the assessment order. For the assessment years 1960-61 to 1962-63 also, the said changed method of accounting was accepted and assessments made. However, in the course of the assessment proceedings relating to the assessment year 1963-64, the Income-tax Officer objected to this change. He also took the view that the excess amount realised from the transactions in securities constituted a revenue receipt and not a capital receipt. He made the assessment accordingly. Further, he sought to reopen the assessments for the assessment years 1960-61 to 1962-63 under Clause (b) of Section 147 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, and it is this controversy we are concerned with in these appeals. Against the reassessments made for the said three assessment years, the bank appealed to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, but without success. On further appeal preferred by the assessee, there was a difference of opinion between the two members of the Tribunal. While the Judicial Member held that the reopening was valid and legal, the Accountant Member took the contrary view. The matter was referred to the President of the Tribunal, who agreed with the Accountant Member-with the result that the assessee's appeals came to be allowed by the Tribunal. Thereupon the Revenue asked for and obtained the aforesaid reference.

3. The High Court answered the question in favour of the Revenue purporting to follow and apply the principles enunciated by this court in Kalyanji Mavji v. Commissioner Income Tax . We find ourselves unable to agree with the High Court.

4. The facts stated above clearly disclose that the Income-tax Officer allowed the change in the method of accounting for the assessment years concerned herein knowingly. It was not a case of an inadvertent mistake which was discovered later on after completion of the assessment or oversight. Once it is found that the change in the method of accounting was knowingly allowed by the Income-tax Officer after taking into account all the relevant facts it i