JUDGMENT :

Ray, J. This appeal by special leave arises out of the judgment and order passed in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 1080 of 1973 by the High Court of Allahabad delivered on 6th May, 1981. While the writ petition was allowed in part a writ in the nature of certiorari quashing the gradation or seniority list annexures 1, 2 and 28 to the writ petition was directed to be issued. There was a further direction for the issue of a writ of mandamus commanding the opposite party No. 1, the State Government to prepare a fresh seniority list in accordance with law in the light of the observations made in the said judgment, within a period of three months and thereafter to take other consequential steps.

2. The crucial question of controversy in this appeal relates to the determination of seniority between the respondents i.e. in writ petition who are all appointed as temporary Assistant Engineers in the United Provinces Service of Engineers (Buildings and Roads Branch) and subsequently made permanent therein and the appellants appointed on probation in the permanent posts of Assistant Engineers reserved for toppers of the Thomson College of Civil Engineering later incorporated in Roorkee University and made permanent after expiry of period of probation. The respondents 2 and 3 who passed the final Civil Engineering Examination of Thomson College, Roorkee in 1946 were appointed as temporary and officiating Assistant Engineers by the Chief Engineer subject to final approval of the Government vide CE-P/W/D/C.M. No. 2736 E/8E-1947 dated 2-6-1947. This provisional appointment as temporary Assistant Engineers was approved by the Government vide G.O. No. 89-EBR/2-1947 dated 20-2-1948. Thereafter on the advice of the Public Service Commission the Government confirmed their provisional appointment as temporary Assistant Engineers vide G.O. No. 1427/EBR 2 EBR- 1947 dated 16-10-1948.

3. The petitioners 1 and 4 to 12 passed the final Civil Engineering Examination of the Thomson College, Roorkee in the year 1948. They were appointed by Chief Engineer as temporary Assistant Engineers subject to the final approval of the Government vide Chief Engineer, P.W.D. O. M. dated 10-8-1949. These appointments were made subject to the final approval of the Government and on their being declared medically fit by the Medical Board. The appointment of these temporary Assistant Engineers was sanctioned by the Government by its order dated 15-10-1949. These appointments were made in accordance with Rule 5(i) of the United Provinces Service of Engineers (Buildings and Roads Branch), Class II Rules, 1936. Thereafter on 20th, Jan., 1950, vide G.O. No. 3968 EBR/2-1949 the Government on the advice of the Public Service Commission confirmed the provisional appointments of the said petitioners as temporary Assistant Engineers in the Buildings and Roads Branch of United Provinces Service of Engineers. The petitioners were examined by the State Medical Board and all of them were declared fit. By Gazette Notification dated 7-11-1956 the Government was pleased to issue orders of confirmation of the appointment of petitioners 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 as permanent Assistant Engineers in permanent posts, in the cadre of United Provinces Service of Engineers (Buildings and Roads Branch), Class II. By this Notification the Government reserved the right to determine the seniority subsequently. Similarly, the petitioners 5, 6, 9 and 10 were confirmed as permanent Assistant Engineers in permanent posts by Gazette Notification dated 9-4-1957. The petitioners 11 and 12 were also confirmed as permanent Assistant Engineers in permanent posts in the cadre of United Provinces Service of Engineers (Buildings and Roads Branch) Class II by Notification dated 14-5-1958. It is specifically mentioned therein that the Government reserved the right to determine the seniority subsequently. Thus the date of confirmation of the petitioners 1 to 12 as permanent Assistant Engineers in the permane