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2023 Supreme(SC) 558

DIPANKAR DATTA, PANKAJ MITHAL
Ghanshyam – Appellant
Versus
Yogendra Rathi – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. K. Krishna Kumar, AOR

Judgement Key Points
  • Agreement to sell does not constitute a document of title or deed of transfer of property by sale, and thus does not confer absolute title. [1000778320005][1000778320007][1000778320008]
  • General power of attorney and will are not documents of title, and a power of attorney is ineffective without execution of a sale deed or related action by the holder; a will only takes effect upon the executant's death. [1000778320005][1000778320011][1000778320012]
  • Practices recognizing power of attorney or will as conferring title or rights in immovable property violate statutory requirements for registered deeds of transfer for property valued over Rs.100/-. [1000778320013]
  • Prospective purchaser who has performed their part of the agreement (payment of consideration and taking possession) acquires protected possessory title under part performance doctrine, which cannot be disturbed by transferor or claimants under them. [1000778320008][1000778320009][1000778320014][1000778320015]
  • After handing possession under agreement to sell, original owner entering the property does so only as a licensee, losing owner-capacity; upon license termination by notice, no right to remain in possession remains. [1000778320002][1000778320008][1000778320009][1000778320010][1000778320015]
  • Plaintiff entitled to eviction decree and mesne profits where possessory title established via part performance and license terminated. [1000778320004][1000778320010][1000778320016] (!)

JUDGMENT

Pankaj Mithal, J.

1. Heard Shri Rajul Shrivastav, learned counsel for the defendant-appellant. None appeared for the plaintiff-respondent despite service.

2. After having lost from all the three courts below, the defendant to the suit has preferred this appeal.

3. The plaintiff-respondent instituted a suit for eviction of the defendant-appellant from the suit premises which is part of H-768, J.J. Colony, Shakarpur, Delhi and for mesne profits on the averment that he is the owner of the said property by virtue of an agreement to sell dated 10.04.2002, power of attorney, a memo of possession and a receipt of payment of sale consideration as well as a “will” of the defendant-appellant bequeathing the said property in his favour; the possession of the suit premises was handed over to the plaintiff-respondent pursuant to the agreement to sell subsequently on the request of the defendant-appellant the plaintiff-respondent allowed the defendant-appellant to occupy the ground floor and one room on the first floor of it for a period of 3 months as a licencee; the defendant-appellant failed to vacate the suit premises despite expiry of the licence period and termination of licence vide


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