( 1 ) WHEN does an educational institution become a "minority educational institution" within the meaning of, and for the purpose of Art. 30 of the Constitution? That is the question arising in these writ petitions. The question is of great significance because the character of a minority educational institution carrfes with it a good amount of privilege and protection, which is not available to non-minority educational institutions. In the matter of recruitment of staff, admission of students, disciplinary control over staff and students and in many other respects, these institutions are very much free of governmental control. Probably for this reason we find a surfeit of institutions claiming this character.

( 2 ) MINORITIES are of two typesreligious and linguistic. In the State of Andhra Pradesh, and for the purposes of laws made by the A; P. Legislature, all those whose mother-tongue is not Telugu are linguistic minorities. Similarly, all non-Hindus are minorities. Even among the Hindu fold, several denominations and sects have been recognized as religious minorities for the purpose of Art. 30. For example, Arya Samajists are recognized as a religious minority