O. CHINNAPPA REDDY, J.

( 1 ) INDIA is a democratic republic. It was so resolved by its people twenty five years ago, on 26-1-1950. It is not a police State. The people of India who resolved to constitute India into a democratic re public determined to secure to all its citizens "liberty of thought, exprsssion, belief, faith and worship, Equality of opportunity and Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual. This determination of the people, so boldly and wisely proclaimed in the preamble of the Constitution of India, is, let us hope, not a forgotten chapter of history. This determination which has been written into the Articles of the Constitution In the shape of rights declared as fundamental and inviolable is what makes India a democratic republic and what marks india from authoritarian or police states. The right to freedom of speech and expression is declared fundamental; so is the right to form associations or unions; so is the right to assemble peaceably and without arms; so is the right to equality before the law and the equal protection of the laws; so IS the right to equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the Stat

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