( 1 ) THESE three appeals relate to O. S. No. 5 of 1957, O. S. No. 1 of 1961 and O. S. No. 2 of 1961 respectively which were jointly tried by the District Judge, west Godavari, as connected suits. The appellant is common in all the three appeals. He was the 1st defendant in O. S. No. 5 of 1957 and the plaintiff in O. S. Nos. 1 and 2 of 1961. He will be referred to hereinafter for convenience as "siddanti. " The plaintiff in O. S. No. 5 of 1957, i. e. , the Venkateswara Publishing home will also be hereinafter referred to as " the Publishing Home". " The facts leading to the suits may be briefly stated : The Siddanti is a compiler of yearly almanacs and has claimed to be doing so for the past 34 years. His almanacs have acquired a reputation and have good sales. The subject-matter of the suits relates to the publication of the yearly almanacs for the years Vijiya (1953-54) Jaya, (-1954-55), Manmadha (1955-56), Dhurmukhi (1956-57) and Hevilambi (1957-58 ). It is the claim of the Siddanti that he has been the author, compiler and publisher of these almanacs in the suit years on his own account as he was for the past 34 years. According to him, he met all the expenses for printing th