The main legal point established in the judgment is the significance of considering market value and rental income, as well as the preference for the rental method over separate valuation of land and building in determining fair compensation under the Land Acquisition Act.

( 1 ) BOTH these appeals under the Land Acquisition Act. in which parties are the same may be disposed of by one order. The only point for consideration is the amount payable as compensation. The properties are buildings situated in Mysore near sayyaji Rao Road at the extremity of Lansdowne Buildings. One case relates to those numbered by the Municipality as 77 to 83 and the other to what bore the number 83/1. The claim regarding the latter for increasing the amount paid by the lower Court may be first dealt with. This is said to have been a residential building facing a lane behind a row of shops. The structure was old, its doors and windows were in a decayed condition and at the time of acquisition was not in occupation of any one but used as a godown. The lower court has accepted the value of this at es. 925 but increased the value of the ground from Es. 2 to es. 10 per square yard. This appears to be fair and appellant's counsel has not pointed out anything to hold it otherwise. E. A. No. 142 of 51-52 is therefore dismissed with costs.

( 2 ) THE shops bearing Municipal Nos. 77 to 83 stand on a different footing. It is found that Es. 150 are realised as rent from the shops and rooms which are let out and for those retained for use of the owners only, Es. 10 were fixed as rent though Es. 20 were claimed. The learned Judge capitalised the rent by deducting from the annual realisation at this rate a quarter of it as being required for repairs and taxes and multiplying the balance by 18. He also valued the land and the building separately on the basis of estimates of cost by Engineers and struck the average between the total of these and the amount on the basis of rent.

( 3 ) SRI Gopivallabha lyengar on behalf of the court-guardian of the minor claimant contended that this is not a fair or appropriate assessment of the value. Section 23 requires that the first thing to be taken into account in determining compensation is the market value of the property at the time of the notification. The expression " Market value " is not defined in the Act and it has to be ascertained by the Court in each case with due regard to the conditions of the time and factors which affect transactions between a willing seller and intending buyer. In any case, the decision at best is to be regarded as approximate and not a mathematically accurate estimate.

( 4 ) A well recognised basis of valuation of buildings in urban areas is the rent normally realised by these when these are leased to others and the rent expected to be got if these are in occupation of the owners. As has been said in some cases such as karachi Municipality v. Naraindas, A. I. R. 1933 Sind. 57. Govt. of Bombay v. Merwanji Muncherji, 10 Bom. L. R. 907. and In re. Dhanjibhoy Bomanji, 10 Bom. L. R. 701.

( 5 ) THE valuation of a land with building thereon by valuing the land and the building separately and adding the value of the one to the other does not furnish a reliable estimate of the property. In a growing town where demand for shops or building to carry on business is increasing and there is certainty of income if leased out, the rental value is treated as important and an index to the market value of the property. See Swarnamanjuri Dassi v. Secretary of State, A. I. R. 1928 Cal. 522. Lachman Prasad v. The Secretary of State for India in Council, I. L. R. 43 All. 652. Rajammal v. Headquarters Deputy Collector, Vellore, 25 I. C. 393. and Raghunath Das v. Secretary of State, I. L. R. 29 Bom. 514.

( 6 ) THE lower Court has found after inspection that the building was strong, in good condition and well kept at the time of inspection. It has also held that the better way of valuing the property in this case is called the " rental method and not the land and building method adopted by the Land Acquisition Officer. " In view of this and the fact that evidence about fair rent is considered to be " very satisfactory " the claimant is entitled to urge that he should no