Karnataka High Court
M.A.Sreenivasan - Appellant
Versus
H.V.Gowthama - Respondent
Decided On : 12-09-04
P.C.P : 18 of 1997
INDIAN SUCCESSION ACT,1925
Section 263 -Revocation of probate -Who can seek -What should be established -Jurisdiction of probate court -Effect of grant of probate.
[N. Kumar, J]: Such a person must show that he has some interest in the estate of the deceased, whose Will is said to be probated in order to entitle him to locus standi in the probate Court. He must show an interest in the estate of the deceased person either by inheritance or otherwise. The test for determining generally whether a person has sufficient interest is this: Will the grant displace any right to which he is otherwise entitled? If so he has an interest. If not he is not. An interest, however slight and even bare possibility of an interest is sufficient to entitle a party to oppose the grant or to maintain a petition for revocation of the grant. Persons seeking to revoke the grant or probate or letters of administration must prove that they have an interest in the estate of the deceased sufficient to entitle them to a locus standi in Court. It is not necessary that the person should have an interest in the estate at the time of the death of the testator. An interest acquired subsequent to the death of the testator by a purchaser or mortgagee of a part of the estate of the deceased is sufficient. It cannot be said that only those persons who could be cited before grant of probate are the only persons who could apply to revoke the probate. If a person complains that he is injured by the fraud committed in propounding a forged will, he is interested and can apply for revocation. The findings regarding the caveatable interest of the petitioner have a limited effect and are relevant only to the question of granting of probate. But the petitioner cannot be deprived of his right, if he has any to invoke section 263 of the Act and it is up to petitioner to satisfy the Court. In other words the person who is seeking revocation of the probate must establish that but for this probate he had an interest in the estate of the deceased and the probate has the effect of either their taking away his vested right or denying the right to him in the estate of the deceased.
Relied: AIR 1962 SC 1471; 1993(2) SCC 507; ILR 2003 Kar 194.
Revocation of Probate
INDIAN SUCCESSION ACT,1925
Section 263 -Revocation probate -Locus standi -A person seeking revocation of probate should have some interest in the estate.
[N. Kumar, J]: A person denying title of the testator and claiming property adversely to him cannot be said to have any interest. The expression interest in the estate of the deceased means to include persons who do not dispute the title of the deceased but claim to have some interest in the estate left by the deceased. If he claims the property by paramount title he has no locus standi. A person who claims outside and independent of a will or claims adversely to the testator and claims he has a right to deal with the property in his own right, can in any sense be deemed to claim an interest in the estate of the deceased. It is the invariable practice of the probate Court that on application for grant of probate or letters of administration the Court will not go into the question as to the title of the property which the testator by his will purports to dispose of.
Cases Referred:
Relied: AIR 1962 SC 1471; 1993(2) SCC 507; ILR 2003 Kar 194.
Cases Referred: AIR 1959 SC 443; AIR 2003 Mad 270; AIR 1995 SC 1684; ILR 2004 Kar 440.
( 1 ) THE above petition is filed under Section 263 of the Indian Succession Act (for short hereinafter referred to as the Act) for revocation of the probate of the will dated 15. 3. 1992.
( 2 ) ONE Sri. M. A. Krishnamachari was the owner of the properties in question. Second respondent herein is the only daughter. He executed a will dated 15. 11. 1989 bequeathing all the properties in her favour, and appointed the first respondent as the executor. He died on 15. 2. 1991. Thereafter the first respondent, executor, filed a petition for grant of probate before this Court in C. P. No. 1/92. The petition was admitted, citation was ordered. There was no contest. The Court passed an order on 15. 3. 92 granting probate.
( 3 ) THE petitioner herein who is the only son of the second respondent claims, late Sri. M. A- Krishnamachari has executed a deed of settlement dated 6. 4. 1990 under which he had settled all the properties covered under the will in his favour. On the day Sri. M. A. Krishnamachari died he was not the owner of these properties. Therefore he contends that the respondents taking advantage of his absence from the country have clandestinely obtained the said probate behind his back and therefore the same is liable to be revoked as his interest is being affected by the aforesaid grant of probate.
( 4 ) AFTER service of notice, respondents have entered appearance and they have filed a detailed statement of objections traversing all the allegations in the petition and denying the execution of the alleged settlement deed by the deceased M. A. Krishnamachari in favour of the petitioner. They contend that the petitioner has no interest in the estate of the deceased M. A. Krishnamachari and the petition filed for revocation of the probate by a person who has no interest in the property is not maintainable. An application is also filed requesting the Court to dismiss the petition as not maintainable at the stage of admission itself. Therefore this petition was heard on the question of maintainability.
( 5 ) LEARNED counsel appearing for the respondents Sri. K. C. Shivasubramanian, contends that this Court has granted probate, after the respondents complied with all the requirements of law. In terms of the grant the property also has been transferred to the second respondent. In other words, the probate has been fully acted upon. The petitioner is claiming property adverse to the deceased M. A. Krishnamachari disputing his title on the day will came into effect. The settlement deed set up by him as source of his title is denied. Unless the petitioner establishes his title and interest in the property he has no locus standi to seek for revocation of the probate. It is settled law that in probate proceedings the Court cannot go into the question of titled of the property which the testator purports to have bequeathed. The second respondent it the only daughter. Even without the will she would have got the entire property and the petitioner during her life time has no semblance of any right to the property covered under the will. As such he has no right to maintain this petition.
( 6 ) PER Contra, Sri. Yaduraya Gowda, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner contends that admittedly all these properties belongs to deceased M. A. Krishnamachari. He has executed a deed of settlement dated 6. 4. 90 setting all these properties in favour of the petitioner. Will comes into effect only on the death of the testator. If on the date of the death of the testator he had no right in the property, the legatee cannot get better title. Suppressing these facts during the absence of the petitioner from India, probate petition is filed without making the petitioner a party to the proceedings and probate is obtained. As the petitioner is the absolute owner of the property in question, the probate creates a cloud on his title to the property and therefore the petition filed for revocation of the probate is maintainable.
( 7 ) THIS petitio
CHIRANJILAL SHRILAL GOENKA (DECEASED) THROUGH LRS. Vs JASJIT SINGH
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