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2008 Supreme(Kar) 530

High Court of Karnataka
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE N. KUMAR
M/s. Siddeshwara International
Versus
State of Karnataka Represented by its Secretary, Department of Forest Ecology & Environment & Others
Writ Petition No. 7635 of 2007 (GM-MM-S)
Decided on : 28-08-2008

Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner:Shashi Kiran Shetty, M/s. Shetty & Hegde Associates, Advocates. For the Respondents:R1 & R2, M.B. Prabhakar, AGA, R3 & R4, Ajoy Kumar Patil, Advocate.

Headnote:CONSTITUTION OF INDIA - Articles 48-A & 51A (g) :[N.Kumar,J] Protection, improvement of Environment -Duty of the State Government - Constitutional mandate - Held, Article 48-A of the Constitution casts the obligation to the effect that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the Country. Whereas a citizen is concerned, it is his fundamental duty as enshrined in Article 51-A(g) of the Constitution to protect and improve the natural ’environment’ including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild life. In so far as Courts are concerned, it is a Constitutional mandate which they are under a duty to uphold. Apart from this it is because of the tireless effort of the Supreme Court and the judicial activism demonstrated by it, over the last decade, the Forest Wealth of the Country is preserved for the future generation to come. The law declared by the Apex Court in this regard is the law of the land and is binding on all the Courts in India. The Courts cannot adopt "Hands off" attitude in the matter of preservation of the environment and keeping the Ecological balance unaffected.

       FOREST (CONSERVATION) ACT, 1980 - Preamble: [N.Kumar, J] Object and Intent of - Negligence of authorities under the Act - Recommendations contrary to law - Grant of mining lease in Forest Area - Need for Educating Forest Officials - Direction to Karnataka State Legal Services Authority - Held, The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was enacted with a view to check further deforestation which ultimately resulted in Ecological imbalance and therefore, the provisions made therein for the conservation of forest and for matters connected therewith must apply to all forests irrespective of nature of ownership. It is unfortunate that inspite of clear enunciation of law by the Apex Court, still the authorities who are responsible for protecting and preserving these forests are yet to understand what forest means. They are making recommendations contrary to law as well as the law declared by the Supreme Court. However, it is heartening to note that when error is pointed out, the higher authorities without sticking on to formality or ego have retraced their steps and withdrawn the permission granted for good and justifiable reasons and ultimately, in public interest. Hence, The Karnataka State Legal Services Authority is directed to chalk out a programme to educate all forest officials about the definition of "forest" as interpreted by the Supreme Court and the obligations cast on them under various enactments as well as the orders passed by the Supreme Court from time to time for protection of the forest and the environment. The Principal Secretary to the Department of Forest & Environment, Government of Karnataka, is directed to initiate appropriate proceedings against the Deputy Conservator of Forest for his actions as contained in the letter dated 18.4.2005, Annexure-E to the Writ Petition, where it is stated that the project site is not part of the Western Ghats and it is not situated in a dense forest, which is the root cause for all these problems.

Judgment :-

Kumar, J.


The petitioner has preferred this writ petition seeking a writ of certiorari for quashing the order dated 2nd September, 2006 as per Annexure-A and the order dated 19th December 2006, as per Annexure-B and for a declaration that no permission is required either from the Central Government or the State Government for mining in an area less than 5 Hectares.


2. The petitioner is a partnership firm engaged in the business of mining. It was granted a mining lease dated 13th June, 2005 for a period of 20 years for an extent of 12.10 acres in Sy.No.121 of Hogrehalli village, Kadur Taluk, Birur Hobli, Chikamagalur District vide ML No.2491. Annexure-C is the copy of the mining lease. The petitioner is the owner of the property in respect of which the mining lease was granted. The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board by their letter dated 8th August, 2005 gave their consent for the establishment of mining industry. Annexure-D is the copy of the said letter. The Deputy Conservator of Forests, by his letter dated 18th April, 2005 as per Annexure-E addressed to the Deputy Commissioner, Chikmagalur stating that the leased property is not on the Western Ghats. Acting on the said report, the Deputy Commissioner as per Annexure-G dated 10th May, 2005 recommended for issue of mining lease. Thereafter, the petitioner applied for Environmental Clearance Certificate on 22nd September, 2005 as per Annexure-G. By a communication dated 12th December, 2005 as per Annexure-H Environmental Clearance Certificate was granted. However, even before the said communication was officially communicated to the petitioner, one Vrukshalaksha Andholona, Karnataka Seva Sagara Trust, Shimoga (for short hereinafter referred to as "Trust") gave a representation to the Environment Clearance Department not to grant permission for mining in the leased property. On their representation, the permission dated 12th December 2005, which was not communicated to the petitioner came to be stayed by an order dated 19th December 2005, a copy of which is produced as Annexure-J. On coming to know the same, the petitioner made a representation dated 28th December, 2005 requesting them to grant the certificate sought for as per Annexure-K. It is thereafter, the impugned order came to be passed rejecting the said request for grant of Environmental Clearance Certificate. Subsequently, several representations were made by the petitioner to revoke the said order. The same were not considered. The petitioner has also produced the consent letter obtained under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act as per Annexure-Q and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act as per Annexure-R. However, as the Environmental Clearance Certificate was not granted, the aforesaid consent letters were withdrawn by the aforesaid authorities as per Annexure-S. Again, the petitioner made representation requesting them not to withdraw those letters.


Thereafter, the petitioner has preferred this writ petition challenging the aforesaid action of the respondents.


3. Though the petitioner asserts in the writ petition that the certificate which had been granted by the Environment Committee was withdrawn at the instance of the Trust, the petitioner chose not to make them party to the proceedings. On coming to know of the filing of this writ petition, the Trust filed an application for impleading, which was allowed by this Court and therefore, they are arrayed as respondents-3 and 4.


4. All the respondents have filed their respective counter statements, in substance, contending that the land in question falls within the Western Ghats and it is surrounded by thick evergreen forest. The authorities without properly applying their mind have made recommendations for grant of mining lease and Environment Clearance Certificate. When it was brought to the notice of the authorities the blunder they have committed, an expert committee was constituted to visit the place not once but more than on



















































































































































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