All the above writ petitions are filed by way of public interest litigations.

2. Since common questions of law and facts are involved in all the above writ petitions, they are taken up together to dispose of them by this common order, in order to avoid repetition of facts and law.

3. The sum and substance of the prayers sought in all the above writ petitions are to declare the Karnataka Town and Country Planning and Certain Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2013; the Karnataka Town and Country Planning and Certain Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2009; the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act and Certain Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2004; the Karnataka Town and Country Planning (Regularisation of Unauthorised Development or Constructions) Rules 2014; Section 321A of the Karnataka Municipal Corporation Act, 1976 and Section 187A of the Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964, as unconstitutional, illegal and ultravires Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India; The further prayer sought in the writ petitions are to issue writ of mandamus to respondents and its officials restraini