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2018 Supreme(Kar) 319

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
John Michael Cunha, J.
B L Udaykumar S/O Late B.K.Lakshminarashetty and Ors. – Petitioners
Versus
The State of Karnataka by The Police of Kushalnagar Police Station, Kodagu District – Respondent
Criminal Petition No.4398 of 2018
Decided On : 23-07-2018

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Sri. Chandramouli H.S, Advocate
For the Respondent: Sri. S. Rachaiah, HCGP

Headnote:CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 [C.A. No. 2/1974] - Section 242(3) - Production of additional evidence - Section 242(3) of Cr PC mandates Magistrate to take all such evidence as may be produced in support of prosecution. The use of language 'all such evidence' in the sub-section means that the Court is required to take or receive all such evidence which that prosecution may produce in support of its case. Having regard to the wide language used in Section 242 the expression 'all such evidence' cannot be given a restrictive meaning so as to hold that only such evidence as relates to those of persons who have been examined by the police or only the documents collected during investigation could be produced before the Court. To read the section in such a restricted manner would amount to reading into the sub-section something which is not there. Sub-section (3) of Section 242 casts a mandatory duty on the Magistrate to take all such evidence as may be produced in support of the prosecution. The word 'produced' in sub-section (3) also cannot be given a restrictive meaning to hold that only the materials collected during investigation could be permitted to be produced in evidence. Such a construction would defeat the very purpose of trial. If the main object of criminal trial is to discover truth, necessarily all and every piece of evidence while could help the court to arrive at a just decision should be allowed to come on record. Therefore, it is immaterial whether the 'evidence' sought to be produced during trial was either collected in the course of investigation or subsequent thereto.

       CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 [C.A. No. 2/1974] - Sections 242(3), 173(8) - Production of additional evidence - Whether powers of Magistrate under Section 242(3) are controlled by Section 173(8)? Held, Section 242(3) operates as stand alone provision - Confers power over Magistrate to take all evidence produced in support of prosecution on record - Section 173(8) confers statutory right on Police Officer to conduct further investigation, cannot be construed to debar prosecution from producing additional evidence, during trial - Both provisions operates in different spheres - Powers of Magistrate under Section 242(3) is wide enough to receive additional evidence which is not part of charge-sheet, after commencement of trial.

Judgement Key Points

Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points regarding the admissibility of evidence during a criminal trial:

  • Mandatory Duty to Receive Evidence: Section 242(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.) imposes a mandatory duty on the Magistrate to take "all such evidence" produced in support of the prosecution. This language cannot be given a restrictive meaning to limit evidence only to materials collected during the investigation or persons examined by the police (!) (!) .
  • Irrelevance of Investigation Stage: It is immaterial whether the evidence sought to be produced was collected during the investigation or subsequently. The primary object of a criminal trial is to discover the truth, and all relevant evidence should be allowed to come on record to assist the court in arriving at a just decision (!) (!) .
  • Stand-Alone Provision of Section 242(3): The powers of the Magistrate under Section 242(3) operate as a stand-alone provision and are not controlled by Section 173(8) of the Cr.P.C. Section 173(8) grants the police the right to conduct further investigation, but it does not debar the prosecution from producing additional evidence during the trial (!) (!) .
  • Admissibility of Non-Charge-Sheet Documents: Documents that are not part of the charge-sheet can be received in evidence by the prosecution after the commencement of trial, provided they are relevant to the matters of fact under inquiry (!) (!) .
  • Duty of Public Prosecutor: The Public Prosecutor conducting the trial owes a duty to produce all evidence relevant to the determination of the guilt or innocence of the accused and cannot withhold relevant pieces of evidence necessary for a fair trial (!) .
  • Rejection of Precedent: The Supreme Court decision in Amrutbhai Shambhubhai Patel vs. Sumanbhai Kantibhai Patel is not an authority on the specific question of whether Section 242(3) allows the admission of additional evidence not part of the charge-sheet, as that case focused on the scope of further investigation under Section 173(8) (!) (!) .
  • Safeguards for the Accused: While additional evidence can be admitted, the procedure must include furnishing the accused with a copy of the evidence and providing them a reasonable opportunity to meet and cross-examine the witnesses regarding such evidence (!) .
  • Rejection of Magistrate's Assumption: If a lower court's order proceeds on the incorrect assumption that certain documents were seized during the investigation when they were not, such an order is liable to be interfered with, as it fails to address the core legal question of admitting fresh documents (!) (!) .
  • Outcome: In the specific case discussed, the High Court found no justifiable reason to interfere with the trial court's order allowing the production of the documents, as the documents were originals of xerox copies already produced, and their admission did not prejudice the defense (!) (!) .

ORDER :

Whether the documents which are not the part of the charge-sheet could be received in evidence for prosecution after the commencement of trial? is the question that falls for determination in this case.

2. The facts giving rise to the above question is that a charge-sheet was filed against the petitioners herein alleging commission of offences punishable under sections 408 and 201 of Indian Penal Code. In the course of the trial, the prosecution filed an application under section 242(2) of Cr.P.C. seeking to produce 17 documents enumerated in the list. In the application, it was stated that at the time of submission of the charge-sheet, the original documents listed in the application were produced before the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka and in the Court of Senior Civil Judge and CJM, Kodagu and therefore, the Xerox copies thereof were produced along with the charge-sheet. Since the Xerox copies are not admissible in evidence, the complainant obtained the above documents from the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka and from the Court of Senior Civil Judge and CJM, Kodagu and the same were sought to be produced before the Court.

3. Petitioners herein raised serious objection to receive the above documents on record contending that the Investigating Agency ought to have seized the original documents through proper mahazar and filed a supplementary report to its primary report in terms of section 173(8) of Cr.P.C. The mahazar dated 24.06.2010 produced along with the charge-sheet does not disclose the factum of seizure of the Xerox documents. Section 242(2) of Cr.P.C. does not permit the prosecution to file documents at a belated stage after the submission of the charge-sheet. Section 173(5) of Cr.P.C. ordains that all the relevant documents should be produced along with the charge-sheet. Therefore, it is not open for the prosecution to produce the proposed documents during the trial. It is contended that the proper course available for the prosecution was to obtain the necessary permission from the court to conduct further investigation as per section 173(8) of Cr.P.C. and the documents so collected during further investigation could only be produced before the court along with a supplementary report. It is further contended that if the prosecution is allowed to produce additional documents at a belated stage, it is likely to prejudice the accused in their defence and thus the petitioners/accused sought for rejection of the application.

4. Before the trial court, both the parties placed reliance on certain authorities in support of their contentions. Considering the position of law laid down in the said decisions, the trial court was of the opinion that no party to the trial can be denied an opportunity to produce relevant materials which were not brought on record due to inadvertence and further holding that no prejudice would be caused to the defence as adequate opportunity would be available to the accused to cross-examine the witnesses and to lead rebuttal evidence, by the impugned order dated 11.04.2017, allowed the above application and permitted the prosecution to produce the proposed documents and to mark the same in evidence through PW.1.

5. I have heard the learned counsel for the petitioners and the learned HCGP.

6. Learned counsel for the petitioners has reiterated the contentions urged before the Court below and placing reliance on the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in AMRUTBHAI SHAMBHUBHAI PATEL vs. SUMANBHAI KANTIBHAI PATEL AND OTHERS in (2017)4 SCC 177, would submit that once the final report is submitted before the court as per section 173(5) of the Code, the only course open for the prosecution to introduce additional material by way of additional documents is to obtain permission of the learned Magistrate for further investigation and thereafter collect further evidence either oral or documentary, and forward the same to the learned Magistrate by way of supplementary charge-sheet. That having n




























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