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2020 Supreme(Kar) 167

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
KRISHNA S.DIXIT, J.
Smt. I.A. Kasturi, W/o Mr. I.K. Aiyanna – Appellant
Versus
Smt. Vishalakshi, D/o Late S.Krishnappa – Respondent
Writ Petition No. 52708 of 2019 (GMCPC)
Decided on : 07-02-2020

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :SRI. M.J. ALVA, ADVOCATE
For the Respondent:SRI. ARAKESHWARA, ADVOCATE

Headnote:

Limitation Act, 1963 – Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Order XXI - Rule 32(1) - Writ jurisdiction of Court - Perpetual injunction - It is true that decree granted by trial Court is for injunction - Nevertheless it is clear from reading of a decree that it consists of two independent parts 1st being for enforcement of duties of defendants through mandatory injunction and other restraining him from doing certain things - While Article 135 provides a period of limitation of three years for enforcement of decree granting mandatory injunction Article 136 provides for twelve years for executing other decrees - However it is specifically stated in Article 136 that an application for enforcement or execution of a decree granting perpetual injunction shall not be subjected to any period of limitation – Thus here is a case where decree is composite one part of which is subjected to limitation period of three years whereas other is not subjected to any period of limitation at all and petitioner can enforce prohibitory injunction wherever violation of that part takes place - Court below has not considered question of enforcement of prohibitory part of injunction with reference to Article 136 of Limitation Act - On other hand it assumed that once mandatory part becomes unenforceable other part also would be subjected to same fate - This is clearly erroneous – Held, With aforesaid backdrop turning to facts of present case on hand it is clear that when judgment-debtor has suffered civil imprisonment it must have been on satisfaction of Court that default on part of judgment-debtor was willful deliberate and intentional - A decree for permanent injunction has effect of restraining judgment-debtor permanently from obstructing enjoyment of property covered in decree - Such a decree can only be satisfied by obeying it - In event of its disobedience it can always be put into execution - Decree has a permanent and perpetual life - It can be put into execution at any time to prevent breach or to prevent apprehended breach subject to law of limitation for time being in force – Ordinarily interpretation placed on a Central Legislation by one High Court shall be duly respected by other High Courts and such interpretation may not be treated as merely persuasive vide at paragraph interpretation of Art. 136 of Schedule to Limitation Act, which is animated by collective wisdom of two neighboring High Courts needs to be respected by this Court there being no repugnant factors in case at hands and view of learned Judge of Executing Court that decree in question is in executable is misconceived to say least how this view has been formed is not forthcoming from reasoning in impugned order Courts should make all endeavors to give effect to their decrees/orders this having not been adverted to there is an error apparent on face of impugned order - Writ petition succeeds

ORDER :

Petitioner being the Decree Holder in Execution Petition No.722/2019 is invoking the writ jurisdiction of this Court for assailing the order dated 20.11.2019, a copy whereof is at Annexure-A whereby the learned VII Additional City Civil Judge, (CCH19), Bengaluru, has dismissed the said execution case on the ground of limitation and for the same reason, he has rejected the application filed under Order XXI Rule 32(1) of CPC, 1908 seeking arrest & detention of the Judgment Debtor; the other reason for dismissal of Execution Petition is that the Decree in question is inexecutable.

2. Though the respondent Judgment Debtor has entered Caveat, his learned counsel has remained absent in the consecutive hearings; he is absent now too despite pass over in the morning session.

3. Having heard the learned counsel for the petitioner and having perused the petition papers, this Court grants reprieve to the Decree Holder for the following reasons:

    (a) the learned judge of the Executing Court has made the impugned order on the premise that there is a limitation period prescribed by law for putting an injunctive decree in execution when there is none; the proviso to Article 136 in the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963 reads as under:

“… Provided that an application for the enforcement or execution of decree granting a perpetual injunction shall not be subject to any period of limitation.” A Coordinate Bench of this Court in RAMARAJU vs. SMT. INDRAMMA, 2014 (3) AKR 674 observed:

“ A decree for perpetual injunction is a decree in perpetuity. … Thus the decree for permanent injunction is perpetual in nature and it can be enforced as and when there is disobedience and the Limitation Act is not attracted to such decrees”.

(b) the above proviso to the article in question had fallen for the consideration of the Hon’ble Kerala High Court in the case of M J SIMON Vs. SPECIAL GRADE PANCHAYATH, AIR 2001 KERALA 132; paragraph No.5 of the said decision reads as under:

“It is true that the decree granted by the trial Court is for injunction. Nevertheless, it is clear from the reading of a decree that it consists of two independent parts; the 1st being for enforcement of the duties of the defendants through mandatory injunction and the other restraining him from doing certain things. While Article 135 provides a period of limitation of three years for enforcement of decree granting mandatory injunction, Article 136 provides for twelve years for executing other decrees. However, it is specifically stated in Article 136 that an application for enforcement or execution of a decree granting perpetual injunction shall not be subjected to any period of limitation. Thus, here is a case where the decree is composite; one part of which is subjected to limitation period of 3 years whereas the other is not subjected to any period of limitation at all and the petitioner can enforce the prohibitory injunction, wherever violation of that part takes place. The Court below has not considered the question of enforcement of prohibitory part of the injunction with reference to Article 136 of the Limitation Act. On the other hand it assumed that once the mandatory part becomes unenforceable the other part also would be subjected to the same fate. This is clearly erroneous.”

(c) similar question having fallen for consideration of the Hon’ble Bombay High Court in the case of YASHODHABHAI GANESH NAIK GAUNEKAR Vs. GOPI MUKUND NAIK, AIR 2002 BOMBAY 77 the following observations are made at paragraph No.9 which reads as under:

“9. With the aforesaid backdrop, turning to the facts of the present case on hand, it is clear that when the judgment-debtor has suffered civil imprisonment, it must have been on the satisfaction of the Court that the default on the part of the judgment-debtor was willful, deliberate and intentional. A decree for permanent injunction has the effect of restraining the judgment-debtor permanently from obstructing the enjoyment of the property covered in the dec

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