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2022 Supreme(Kar) 1468

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
V.Srishananda, J.
Umesh – Appellant
Versus
State of Karnataka – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 2760 of 2012 (C)
Decided On : 21-07-2022

Advocates appeared:
Santosh B.Malagoudar, Advocate, Shankar Hegde, Advocate

Headnote:(A) Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 - Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) r/w Sec. 13(2) - Conviction in a bribery case challenged - Accused, a Junior Training Officer, allegedly demanded illegal gratification from students to ensure their passing - Complainant alleged he paid a partial amount - Key evidentiary issues arose around the credibility of witnesses, particularly the shadow witness and the complainant. (Paras 11, 12, 41, 42)

(B) Burden of proof in bribery cases - It is incumbent upon the prosecution to establish demand and acceptance of bribe beyond reasonable doubt, and failure to corroborate such claims warrants acquittal. (Para 45)

(C) Principles of evidence - The necessity for credible corroborative evidence, particularly when key witnesses turn hostile, undermines the prosecution's case, reflecting inconsistencies and a lack of reliable proof. (Paras 43, 46)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was accused of accepting bribes to facilitate passing examinations for students at a government college, where he worked. The complainant's evidence was contradicted by several witnesses who either turned hostile or contradicted prior statements. (Paras 2, 36)

Findings of Court:
The prosecution failed to conclusively prove the elements necessary to support a conviction under the specified sections of the Prevention of Corruption Act due to inadequate evidence and contradictions in witness testimonies. (Paras 48, 49)

Issues: Whether the prosecution established requisite elements to support convictions under the Prevention of Corruption Act, and whether the trial court's judgment exhibited legal infirmity. (Paras 17)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that conviction requires clear and cogent evidence of demand and acceptance of bribes, which was lacking in this case. The failure of essential witnesses to support the prosecution weakened the case significantly. (Paras 45, 49)

Result: The appeal is allowed, and the judgment of conviction is set aside with the appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. facts of the case establishment (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. arguments of the accused (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
3. court's analysis of witness testimonies (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
4. court's reasoning on prosecution's burden (Para 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42)
5. court's conclusion on burden of proof (Para 46 , 47 , 48)
6. guidelines for admissibility of electronic evidence (Para 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66)
7. final order and acquittal of the appellant (Para 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72)

JUDGMENT/ORDER

1. Convicted accused in Special C.C.No.186/2009 by judgment dtd. 11/7/2022 on the file of Special Judge, Belagavi has preferred this appeal.

2. Brief facts of the case are as under: Upon the complaint lodged by one Sharifsab Pakrusab Nadaf, Lokayukta police registered a case in Crime No.16/2008 for the offences punishable under Ss. 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Sec. 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Gist of the complaint averment reveals that, accused was working as a Junior Training Officer in the Government ITI College, Saundatti. Sister's son of the complainant by name Maktumsab was studying in second year ITI in Government ITI College, Saundatti and final examination was scheduled to commence in 21/7/2008. Sri Maktumsab had paid necessary fee to be paid to the Government for attending the examination and accused received Rs.5, 500.00 from each of the student in the said class in order to see that the student would pass through the examination effortlessly. Accordingly, accused also demanded Rs.5, 000.00 from Maktumsab, which was not interested to be paid by the complainant however he paid only Rs.1, 000.00 and sought time for remitting the balance amount and thereafter the accused insisted for balance amount.

3. On 13/7/2008, the complainant along with Maktumsab approached the accused and sought for time and also requested him that Maktumsab is a poor person and therefore, sufficient time needs to be given. However, the request made by the complainant and the Maktumsab was turned down by the accused and he conversation between the accused and the complainant was recorded in a mobile phone and since they are not interested to part away the illegal gratification, they approached the Lokayukta Police on 16/7/2008 and lodged the complainant.

4. The head of the raid party being convinced about the veracity of the complaint averments, made arrangements for the intended trap. He secured two panch witnesses and explained them about the complaint averments and also took Rs.4, 500.00 to be paid from the hands of the complainant comprising of nine notes of Rs.500.00 denomination and entered serial numbers of the said notes and smeared phenolphthalein powder and demonstrated the chemical reaction of the phenolphthalein powder with the sodium carbonate solution to the panchas and drafted entrustment/ experimental mahazar in the presence of panch witnesses and took their signature.

5. Thereafter, the complainant was instructed that he along with shadow witnesses should go to the working place of the accused, on demand should hand over the tainted currency notes to the hands of the accused and thereafter gave a predesignated signal to the rest of the raid party by using his hand kerchief.

6. Thereafter raid team has been proceeded to place of the accused where the accused was working, complainant handed over the money to the accused on demand in the presence of the shadow witness and gave a pre-designated signal. Immediately the rest of the raid party came to the scene of offence; enquired the accused about the illegal gratification and handling of tainted currency; seized nine currency notes of Rs.500.00 denomination; the serial numbers of the currency notes were tallied and colour test were conducted, which stood in positive; explanation of the accused was obtained; accused was arrested and trap mahazar was drafted.

7. Thereafter, the accused

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