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1957 Supreme(Bom) 21

IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY
Mudholkar J.R. and Tambe Y.S. , JJ.
Appellants: Pralhad Sheonarayan Chokhani
Versus
Respondent: Damodhar Rankaran Vaishnao and Ors.
First Appeal No. 163 of 1950
Decided On: 02.04.1957
Counsels:
For Appellant/Petitioner/Plaintiff: V.L. Prabhune and M.R. Bobde, Advs.
For Respondents/Defendant: N.L. Abhyankar, A.V. Khare, K.V. Tambe and T.B. Pendharkar, Advs.

Headnote:

[KEYWORD] - [SUBJECT] - [ACT SECTION LIST] - [SUMMARY]

Fact of the Case:

Mahadeo, a Vaishnao Bisa Agarwal, died leaving behind three daughters and his separate property. The dispute was between the plaintiff, the son of Mahadeo's daughter Anchi, and the second defendant Jainarayan, who claimed the property under an oral will of Mahadeo and also as his adopted son. The plaintiff claimed separation and possession of his half share in the suit property.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the family of Mahadeo originally belonged to Agroha in Hissar district of Punjab and from there it migrated to Jaipur in Rajputana (Marwar) and thereafter to Berar. In matters of adoption, the family was not governed by Benares School of Hindu Law but by the customary law prevailing among the sect to which Mahadeo belonged. According to this customary law, adoption of a married man and an orphan was permissible. No particular ceremony was required to be performed for adoption, but the tying of a turban was sufficient to constitute a valid adoption. This tying of the turban could be performed even after the death of the adoptive father if he had left behind instructions to adopt any person as a son to him. The court also found that Mahadeo had made a valid oral will disposing of his property as pleaded by the defendants. It further held that Mahadeo had given a direction that Jainarayan should be adopted as his son and in pursuance of this direction Mahadeos pagdi was tied to Jainarayan on 28-10-1930 and thereby he had become a validly adopted son of Mahadeo.

Issues: 1. Whether an oral will was made by Mahadeo on 13-10-1930 giving certain house property to his daughters and the rest of the property to Jainarayan? 2. Did Mahadeo on the same day nominate Jainarayan for being adopted as a son to him and instruct that his turban be tied on his head? 3. Did the family of Mahadeo originally belong to Agroha in the Hissar district of Punjab and from there did it migrate to Jaipur in Rajputana (Marwar) and thereafter to Berar? 4. Was Mahadeos family governed by the alleged customary law in matters of adoption? 5. Was Jainarayan validly adopted according to the said custom?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. An oral will by Mahadeo on 13-10-1930 bequeathing a portion of his property to his daughters and the remainder to Jainarayan was not made. 2. Mahadeo on the same day nominated Jainarayan for being adopted as a son to him and instructed that his turban be tied on his head. 3. The family of Mahadeo originally belonged to Agroha in the Hissar district of Punjab and from there it migrated to Jaipur in Rajputana (Marwar) and thereafter to Berar. 4. Mahadeos family was governed by the alleged customary law in matters of adoption. 5. Jainarayan was validly adopted according to the said custom.

Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed with costs.

Judgment

1. This appeal of the plaintiff is directed against the dismissal of his suit by the trial Court.

2. The dispute now relates to the immovable property left by one Mahadeo as described in Schedules A to C of the plaint. No dispute was raised before us in respect of the movable property shown in Sch. D of the plaint. The contest chiefly lies between the plaintiff, the son of the deceased Mahadeos daughter Anchi on the one hand, who claims to be the next reversioner on the death of all the daughters of Mahadeo, and the second defendant Jainarayan on the other, who claims the property under the oral will of Mahadeo and also as his adopted son. The claim of Jainarayan is supported by the 14th defendant Kukhminibai who is the daughter of Mahadeos deceased daughter Narbada, and also by the first defendant Damodhar, who is the son of Mahadeos another deceased daughter Saraswati. Defendants Nos. 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12 are only the tenants of the portion of the suit properties. They plead that they have taken this portion from the second defendant and claim no interest in the suit property. They have also stated that they are willing to deliver possession of the portion in their respective possession to the person held entitled thereto. Defendants 3 and 4 are transferees of the second defendant Jainarayan and they support Jainarayans case. They also support the sale in their favour on the ground of legal necessity. Defendant No. 10 was discharged during the pendency of the suit. It is not clear from the plaint why defendants 8 and 13 were joined as parties to this suit. No contest, however, is raised on their behalf before us.

3. The following genealogical tree will be helpful in appreciating the dispute raised in the case.

It is common ground that Mahadeo was separate in mess and estate from his brothers and the property in dispute is his separate property. Mahadeo died on the night of 13-10-30, leaving behind three daughters, Narbada, Saraswati and Anchi, and the suit property. All the three daughters were married prior to his death and had died before 15-8-1945 when the suit was instituted. The family of Mahadeo belongs to the sect known as Vaishnao Bisa Agarwal.

4. The plaintiffs case was that the family of Mahadeo belonged to Jaipur in Rajputana (Marwar) and has migrated from there to Berar and is thus governed by Benares School of Hindu Law. On Mahadeos death, his daughters succeeded to his property but had only a limited interest therein. Out of these daughters Narbada died last and on her death, the plaintiff and the first defendant Damodhar became the full owners of the property left behind by Mahadeo, owning equal shares therein. The plaintiff, therefore, claims separation and possession of his half share in the suit property. He also claims accounts from the second defendant of the income of the suit property which is in his possession, Plaintiff also denies the alleged oral will of Mahadeo and the adoption of the second defendant by Mahadeo under which he claims to be in possession of the property. Plaintiff also challenges the deed dated 28-10-1930 executed by the second defendant Jainarayan and the daughters of Mahadeo under which separate items of Mahadeos property have been allotted to each of the three daughters of Mahadeo and to Jainarayan. The plaintiff pleads that the contents of the document are pure inventions. According to him, the document is merely a device to divide the property amongst the second defendant and the three daughters of the deceased Mahadeo. Also according to him the document was not executed by the daughters of their free will and that they were merely tools in the hands of designing persons including the second defendant. In the alternative, the plaintiff pleads that the document was executed by the daughters in ignorance of their lawful rights. On these grounds the plaintiff pleads that the document is not binding on him. It is also pleaded on behalf of the plaintiff that the adoption, if an








































































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