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IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY
D.B. BHOSALE., J.
Associated Breweries & Distilleries & Anr.,
Vs.
M/s.Shiv Smruti Investments & Services Pvt. Ltd. & Ors.,
CHAMBER SUMMONS NO.220 OF 2008
IN SUIT NO.930 OF 1990
4th April 2008
Section 22 deals with the power of the Court to grant relief for possession, partition, refund of earnest money etc. Section 22 empowers the Court to grant these reliefs in a suit for specific performance of a contract for the transfer of "immovable property". Sub-section (2) thereof provides that no relief under sub-section (1) shall be granted by the Court unless it has been specifically claimed. Proviso appended to sub-section (2) allows the plaintiff to amend the plaint and seek such relief, at any stage of the proceedings. Sub-section (3) of Section 22 provides that the power of the Court to grant relief under clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be without prejudice to its powers to award compensation under Section 21. Clause (b) of sub-section (1) provides that any person suing for the specific performance of a contract may ask for "any other relief to which the plaintiff may be entitled", including the refund of any earnest money or deposit paid or made by him, in case his claim in the suit is refused.
The expression "any other relief to which he may be entitled", in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 22, in my opinion, would not cover "compensation" as contemplated by Section 21 of the Act. In fact, sub-section (3) of Section 22 provides that the power of the Court to grant relief under clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be without prejudice to its powers to award compensation under Section 21. Thus, the power to award "compensation" under Section 21 and the power to grant "any other relief to which the plaintiff may be entitled" under Section 22 of the Act are independent and they operate in a different sphere. Under Section 21 the Court can award compensation in a suit for specific performance of a contract, whereas under Section 22 the Court can grant relief for possession, partition, refund of earnest money, besides any other relief to which the plaintiff may be entitled under clause (b) of sub-section (1) in a suit for specific performance. The reliefs, that can be granted by the Court, under these two sections are different in nature. It cannot be stated that the Court has power to award compensation under Section 21, only in a suit for specific performance of a contract for the transfer of property other than immovable property. There is no such indication of Section 21. In other words, it cannot be stated that the power to award compensation under Section 21 can be exercised only in a suit for specific performance of a contract in respect of movable property. The words "a contract" or "the contract" employed in Section 21 cannot be construed to mean the contract in respect of properties other than "immovable property". As a matter of fact, Section 22 does not confer the power on the Court to award compensation in such suit and the Court can exercise the power to award compensation only under Section 21 of the Act. In the circumstances, the first submission of Mr. Prabhavalkar must be rejected.
It is true that in the present suit the plaintiffs have prayed for other substantial reliefs. However, bare perusal of the suit shows that the main prayer in the suit is for specific performance and there is no difficulty in allowing the plaintiffs to amend the plaint as per the schedule except the portion deleted from prayer clause (i) so also the other two prayers. Besides this, no prejudice would cause to the defendants if this amendment is allowed at this stage.
Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. This chamber summons is taken out by the plaintiffs seeking amendment of the plaint under section 21(5) of the Specific Relief Act, 1963. By way of an amendment the plaintiffs intend to insert the following prayer in the plaint and make the other consequential amendments of paragraph 19 and 23 thereof:
"(i) Order and decree the Defendants No.1 and 2 jointly and/or severally to pay to the plaintiffs and/or the 2nd plaintiff an amount of Rs.9,00,00,000/- as per particulars of Claim annexed at Exhibit‘UU’ to the Plaint alongwith interest thereon @ 18% per annum till payment and/or realization."
3. So far as other proposed prayers, as seen in the schedule of amendment, being prayer clause (ii) land (iii) are concerned, the learned senior counsel for the plaintiffs, on instructions, prayed for withdrawal of these prayers from the schedule. These two prayers are accordingly allowed to be withdrawn. Mr.Thakkar, learned senior counsel for the plaintiffs after inviting my attention to secion 21(5) of the Specific Relief Act and the judgment of this Court in Law Reporter Vol.LXXXV Page 87 submitted that the plaintiffs are entitled to seek amendment as prayed and that such prayer for amendment cannot be rejected.
4. Mr.Prabhavalkar, learned counsel for defendant nos.1 and 2 vehemently opposed the prayers made in the chamber summons. He submitted that if a suit for specific performance of a contract in respect of an immovable property coupled with other substantial reliefs for seeking its possession or the possession of any part thereof is filed then section 22 will apply and the application seeking amendment, as prayed in the instant case, under section 21 is not maintainable and deserves to be rejected. In other words, he submitted that the application for amendment under section 21 is misconceived and is liable to be dismissed. He then submitted that in the present suit, the plaintiffs have prayed not only for specific performance but have also made other substantial prayers which are not envisaged under section 21 of the Specific Relief Act and hence the application for amendment under section 21 must be rejected. So far as the prayer for interest at the rate of 18 per cent from the date of institution of the suit till payment or realisation is concerned, Mr.Prabhavalkar submitted that such prayer, in the present case, cannot be granted in view of the fact that the suit was filed in 1990 and the amendment is sought after 17-18 years and, therefore, in any case the plaintiffs would not be entitled for interest on the amount of compensation, if awarded, at the existing market rate from the date of the suit.
5. In the light of the last submission advanced by Mr.Prabhavalkar, Mr.Thakkar, learned senior counsel for the plaintiffs seeks leave to delete the following words from the prayer clause (i) "from the date of institution of the suit". The leave, as prayed, is granted. Amendment is allowed to be carried out forthwith. The prayer clause (i) in the paragraph 2 of this order is reproduced after deletion of these words. In view thereof the last submission of Mr.Prabhavalkar needs no consideration.
6. Section 21 of the Act empowers the court to award compensation in certain cases. Sub-section (5) thereof provides that no compensation shall be awarded under this section unless the plaintiff has claimed such compensation in his plaint. Proviso appended to sub-section (5) provides that where the plaintiff has not claimed any such compensation in the plaint the Court shall, at any stage of the proceedings, allow him to amend the plaint, on such terms as may be just, for including a claim for compensation. The explanation appended to section 21 explains the circumstance that "the contract" has become incapable of specific performance does not preclude the court from exercising the jurisdiction conferred by this section. Under sub-section (1) of sec
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