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1977 Supreme(Bom) 136

Bombay High Court
SHAH
Ratan - Appellant
Versus
Bisan Ramchandra Pardeshi - Respondent
Decided On : 07/29/1977

Advocates:
L.V. Kapse for S.J. Deshpande, for Applicant in C.R.A. No. 235 of 1977 and for Opponents in C.R.A. No. 401 of 1977; A.M. Dabir, for Opponent in C.R.A. No. 235 of 1977 and for Petitioner in C.R.A. No. 401 of 1977.

An application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act is maintainable against a de facto guardian, even if the guardian was not appointed or declared by the court.

Headnote:

GUARDIAN AND WARDS ACT - SECTION 41(3) - APPLICATION AGAINST DE FACTO GUARDIAN - MAINTAINABILITY - HINDU MINORITY AND GUARDIANSHIP ACT, 1956 - SECTION 4(B) AND 5(B) - EFFECT ON DEFINITION OF "GUARDIAN" UNDER GUARDIAN AND WARDS ACT - INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION.

Fact of the Case:

Bisan, the son of Ramchandra Pardeshi, filed an application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, against his uncle Deochand Bisan Pardeshi, seeking possession of movable and immovable property on the ground that Deochand was in possession of the property as his guardian and that he was entitled to possession upon attaining majority. Deochand filed a revision application challenging the maintainability of the application, arguing that an application under Section 41(3) could only be filed against a guardian appointed or declared by the court under the Act.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that an application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act is maintainable against a de facto guardian, even if the guardian was not appointed or declared by the court. The court further held that the definition of "guardian" under Section 4(2) of the Guardians and Wards Act is wide and includes any person having the care of the person or property of a minor. The court also held that the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, does not exclude the definition of "guardian" under the Guardians and Wards Act, and that the provisions of the 1956 Act are in addition to and not in derogation of the Guardians and Wards Act.

Issues: 1. Whether an application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act is maintainable against a de facto guardian? 2. Whether the definition of "guardian" under Section 4(2) of the Guardians and Wards Act includes a de facto guardian? 3. Whether the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, excludes the definition of "guardian" under the Guardians and Wards Act?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that an application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act is maintainable against a de facto guardian because the definition of "guardian" under Section 4(2) of the Act is wide and includes any person having the care of the person or property of a minor. 2. The court held that the definition of "guardian" under Section 4(2) of the Guardians and Wards Act includes a de facto guardian because the definition is inclusive and does not restrict the meaning of "guardian" to persons appointed or declared as such by the court. 3. The court held that the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, does not exclude the definition of "guardian" under the Guardians and Wards Act because Section 2 of the 1956 Act provides that the provisions of the Act are in addition to and not in derogation of the Guardians and Wards Act.

Final Decision: The court dismissed both revision applications and held that the application under Section 41(3) of the Guardians and Wards Act was maintainable against Deochand, the de facto guardian.

ORDER :- These two revision applications arise out of an application filed by Bisan the son of Ramchandra Pardeshi against his uncle Deochand Bisan Pardeshi under S. 41 (3) of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, for recovery of possession of the moveable and immoveable property on the ground that the latter was put in possession of the property as his guardian and on attaining majority he was entitled to get possession of his property from his uncle Deochand.

2. Revision Application No. 235 of 1977 has been preferred by Deochand and Revision Application No. 401 of 1977 has been preferred by Bisan, who claims possession of the property.

3. The facts in so far as they are material may be stated thus. On the death of the father of the applicant Bisan, his mother Kashibai got remarried in about the year 1952. At the time of the death of his father, his son was only 2 years old, and Kashibai's remarriage took place within a year after the death of his father. In the circumstances, he was brought up and maintained by his paternal aunt Ramiyabai. It is the case of the applicant that his father Ramchandra left behind him agricultural land bearing Survey No. 102 and a house bearing Gram Panchayat No. 608 situated at Ambai and also moveables more particularly described in the application. According to the applicant, he became the absolute owner of his father's property after his death in view of the re-marriage of his mother, and the said properties were in possession of the opponent as the guardian of the property of the applicant who was then a minor. On his attaining majority, the applicant had filed Civil Suit No. 17 of 1971 in the Court of the Civil Judge, Junior Division, Sillod, against Deochand for recovery of the property in dispute. In the plaint, the applicant had contended that in view of the provisions of S. 4l of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, he was entitled to get possession of the property and the opponent was also liable to render account of income and expenditure of the property. The opponent Deochand raised a contention in his written statement that the applicant's suit under S. 41 of the Act in the Court of the Civil Judge, Junior Division, Sillod, was not maintainable. The learned Civil Judge upheld this contention and passed an order returning the plaint to be presented in the District Court. This order was passed on Sept. 5, 1975. Thereafter the applicant filed the present application on Sept. 17, 1975 under S. 41 (3) of the Guardians and Wards Act.

4. The opponent raised various contentions and he denied that he was in possession of the property in his capacity as the guardian. He contended that the moveables and immoveables were of his ownership. He also contended that both the land and the house were allotted to his share in a family partition. A contention was also raised that the application under S. 41 (B) was not maintainable.

5. The learned Jt. Judge, Aurangabad, took the view that the applicant's application u/S. 41(3) of the Act was maintainable. On merits, he necorded a finding that the opponent had acted as a de facto guardian of the property belonging to the minor applicant. He, however, held that the applicant had established his case only with regard to the land, Survey No. 102. He rejected the applicant's claim for possession of the house and the moveables. In this view of the matter, the learned Judge directed delivery of possession of the land Survey No. 102 to the applicant and also passed an order requiring the opponent to render accounts of the land for 3 years next preceding to Sept. 17, 1975, that is, the date on which the application was filed in Court. Aggrieved by this decision, both the applicant and the opponent have filed separate revision applications. During the pendency of the Civil Revision Application No. 235 of 1977 the original opponent Deochand died and his heirs have been brought on record. The other revision application which has been filed after his death is against the heir
























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