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2016 Supreme(Bom) 922

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
G.S. Patel, J.
AKASHADITYA HARISHCHANDRA LAMA - Plaintiff
Versus
ASHUTOSH GOWARIKAR – Defendants
NOTICE OF MOTION (L) NO. 1935 OF 2016 IN SUIT (L) NO. 693 OF 2016
Decided On : 02-08-2016

Advocates Appeared:
For the Plaintiff : Mr. Rohaan Cama, with Mr. Gautam Panchal, i/b S.R. Mishra & Gautam Panchal.
For the Defendants : Mr. Ravi Kadam, Mr. Ashish Kamat, Mr. Nirmal Sharma, Mr. Parag Sawant, Mr. Gunjan Shah & Mr. Aman Arora, i/b Desai & Diwanji, Mr. Cyrus Ardeshir, with Mr. Rahul Dwarkadas & Neville Mukerji, i/b Veritas Legal, Mr. Ashish Kamat, Mr. Nirmal Sharma, Mr. Parag Sawant, Mr. Gunjan Shah & Mr. Aman Arora, i/b Desai & Diwanji.

In order to obtain an interim injunction, the plaintiff must establish a sufficient prima facie case, which means that there must be a case made out on a first impression, at first sight (literally, ‘at first appearance’ or ‘at first sight’).

Headnote:

Suit for permanent injunction restraining the defendants from infringing the plaintiff's copyright in the work titled "Mohenjo Daro" and the title "Mohenjo Daro". Plaintiff claimed that he had written a story titled "Mohenjo Daro" in 1995 and had sent the script to the 1st defendant, a film director, in 2003. The 1st defendant allegedly returned the script after four days, stating that he was not interested in making another period film immediately. The plaintiff further claimed that he had staged a play based on his script in 2011 and had registered the script with the Film Writers' Association in 2010. The defendants denied the allegations and claimed that the plaintiff had "reverse engineered" the 1995 document after seeing the trailer of the 1st defendant's film. The court held that the plaintiff had failed to establish a sufficient prima facie case and dismissed the motion for an interim injunction.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff, a professional writer and member of the Film Writers' Association, claimed that he had written a story titled "Mohenjo Daro" in 1995 and had sent the script to the 1st defendant, a film director, in 2003. The 1st defendant allegedly returned the script after four days, stating that he was not interested in making another period film immediately. The plaintiff further claimed that he had staged a play based on his script in 2011 and had registered the script with the Film Writers' Association in 2010. The defendants denied the allegations and claimed that the plaintiff had "reverse engineered" the 1995 document after seeing the trailer of the 1st defendant's film.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that the plaintiff had failed to establish a sufficient prima facie case and dismissed the motion for an interim injunction. The court found that the plaintiff's claim was constantly shifting and that he was unable to specify what work or when or how his rights had been infringed. The court also found that the plaintiff had failed to disclose all the material facts, including the fact that he had filed a similar suit in the City Civil Court and had withdrawn it. The court further found that the plaintiff had made false statements and had engaged in publicity seeking activities, which were prejudicial to the defendants.

Issues: 1. Whether the plaintiff had established a sufficient prima facie case to warrant the grant of an interim injunction? 2. Whether the plaintiff had made false statements and engaged in publicity seeking activities?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. In order to obtain an interim injunction, the plaintiff must establish a sufficient prima facie case, which means that there must be a case made out on a first impression, at first sight (literally, ‘at first appearance’ or ‘at first sight’). It is to be carefully distinguished from ex-facie, “which means nothing more than this: on the face of it”. 2. A party who approaches the court is bound to produce all the documents executed by him which are relevant to the litigation. If he withholds a vital document in order to gain advantage on the other side then he would he guilty of playing fraud on the court as well as on the opposite party.

Final Decision: The court dismissed the motion for an interim injunction and awarded exemplary costs against the plaintiff.

JUDGMENT :

1. There is an unfortunate trend in this Court, increasingly frequent. At the eleventh hour, a few days or, at most, a few weeks before a major film’s scheduled theatrical release, some party rushes to this Court with a claim that his or her creative work has been plagiarized by the film’s director and producers. The present case is but the latest example.

2. What perhaps sets this one apart from others that went before is that this is quite possibly the most egregiously ill-conceived claim that I have yet encountered. As the following narrative will show, it is impossible to discern from the plaint or any of the Affidavits that have been filed by the Plaintiff, what it is that he claims has been infringed. His is an ever shifting stand. He is constant only in his inconstancy, and while I agree that a foolish consistency is often the hobgoblin of little minds, the very least an application for an urgent interim injunction demands is certainty in the claim made.

3. No plaintiff may come to this Court — or, for that matter, any court — and say “I claim my work is infringed. I cannot and will not say precisely what work or when or how; that is something the Court must figure out. But give me a relief it must, and it matters not how it goes about doing this.” We are at a prima facie stage. The law says that in the grant of an interim injunction the Court must be satisfied that the Plaintiff has made out a “sufficient prima facie case”. That must mean, in the cold language of both law and logic, that there must exist a case made sufficiency of precision. We use that expression freely, but it means nothing more than this: on a first impression, at first sight (literally, ‘at first appearance’ or ‘at first sight’). It is to be carefully distinguished from ex-facie, “on the face of it”. When, therefore, we say that a prima facie is made out, we mean that upon an initial examination, there is sufficient supporting and corroborative material before a court to support the claimant’s case; that case must be facially evident. Therefore, any case that demands a convoluted, inferential, syllogistic process of reasoning, or proceeds on conjecture, surmise and speculation, is not one that meets the jurisprudentially mandated standard; and no interim injunction can follow. In the language of fiction, cinema and television: Watson, not Holmes. What this Plaintiff demands today would defeat even that legendary denizen of 221B, Baker Street.

4. There is a very serious allegation made against the Plaintiff in the Replies. I will turn to these presently. The Defendants say that the document with which this plaint opens is entirely fraudulent and has been got up or, in their words, “reverse engineered” only for the purposes of this Suit. It is not, in my judgment, necessary to arrive at any determinative conclusion on that aspect of the matter. I only need to arrive at a conclusion, which I do, that this is a substantial defence, and that the Plaintiff has not satisfied the first test of establishing a sufficient prima facie case. I must note that this is a final order on the Motion by consent of the parties before the hearing began.

5. That is not all. There is, too, the matter of the Plaintiff’s conduct. There is the question of delay, for one thing. I also find that the Plaintiff has moved in different Courts before. He has pursued multiple avenues. He filed and withdrew a Suit seeking the same relief in the City Civil Court. There is, as has been pointed out to me very late in the hearing yesterday, an application that the Plaintiff made for amendment in that City Civil Court Suit, the Affidavit in Support of which leaves no manner of doubt as to what the Plaintiff’s intentions always were. The Plaintiff has also filed a Criminal Complaint. There again there are statements made and documents annexed that cannot be reconciled with what









































































































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