The transmission of ownership and possession of inheritance to the legal heirs from the moment of the death of the estate-leaver, and the indivisibility of the inheritance prior to partition.

Heard Shri Sudin Usgaonkar, the learned Senior Counsel appearing for the appellants and Shri Ryan Menezes, the learned Counsel appearing for the respondents.

2. Admit. Heard forthwith by consent.

3. Shri Ryan Menezes, the learned Counsel waives service on behalf of the respondents.

4. The above appeal takes exception to an order dated 1-12-2014, passed by the Inventory Court whereby an application filed by the appellants to drop prayers (a) and (c) to the application at exhibit 46, came to be dismissed.

5. Upon hearing the learned Counsel, what transpires is that in an inventory proceedings initiated by the respondent No. 1, who is the eldest son of the Estate Leaver, the said respondent was appointed as the Cabeca de Casal. The appellants filed an objection to such an appointment, inter alia, on the ground that though the respondent No. 1 was the elder son, nevertheless he was not living along with the deceased and as such, the appellant, who was living with the deceased, was entitled to be appointed as the Cabeca de Casal. The matter proceeded for enquiry and in the course of such proceedings, the appellants filed an application at exhibit 46 to withdraw his claim to be appointed as Cabeca de Casal and as such allow the respondent No. 1 to continue to function as such. The application was opposed by the respondent No. 1, essentially, on the ground that evidence has already commenced and that the respondent No. 1 was in exclusive possession of the ancestral house and as such, the appellant was not entitled to such appointment as Cabeca de Casal. It was also pointed out that in the meanwhile, an application for Temporary Injunction was filed by the respondent No. 1 and further enquiry would assist the Court to decide this application. The learned Judge, by the impugned order, dismissed the application filed by the appellants on the ground that the aspect of exclusive possession would be material for the purpose of deciding the inventory proceedings.

6. Upon hearing the learned Counsel for the respective parties, I find that the reasoning of the learned Judge to refuse leave to the appellants to withdraw their claim to be appointed as Cabeca de Casal, is not at all well founded. Articles 2011 and 2015 of the Portuguese Civil Code read as under :

“ARTICLE 2011 (Transmission of ownership and possession of inheritance) The transmission of the ownership and possession of the inheritance to the heirs whether instituted or legal, takes place from the moment of the death of the estate-leaver.

ARTICLE 2015 (Indivisibility of the inheritance prior to partition) Where many persons are entitled simultaneously to the same inheritance, their right shall be indivisible both in respect of possession as well as ownership, as long as the partition has not been effected.”

After reading of the said provisions, it appears that the law recognises that the ownership and possession of the inheritance transmits on the legal heirs the moment of the death of the estate-leaver. It further provides that when many persons are entitled simultaneously to the same inheritance, their rights shall be indivisible both in respect of possession as well as ownership as long as partition has not been effected. Admittedly, partition in the present proceedings has not been effected and process is pending before the Inventory Court. Consequently, the observation of the learned Judge that the enquiry has to proceed to examine the claim of the respondent No. 1 that he is in exclusive possession of the disputed property, is not at all material for deciding the Inventory Proceedings. Besides, it is nobody’s case in the present proceedings that any of the co-heirs have claimed the right on prescription and/or adverse possession in respect of the assets left behind by the estate-leaver.

7. The contention of Mr. Menezes, the learned Counsel appearing for the respondents that this enquiry would help the decision in an application for Temporary Injunction filed by the appellan