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2009(1) Crimes 312 (Ori.)
ORISSA HIGH COURT
P.K. Tripathy and N. Prusty, JJ.
Tuna Prusty —Appellant
versus
State of Orissa —Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 176 of 2001
Decided on 18.7.2008

Counsel for the Parties:
For the Appellant:M/s. A.K. Baral, B.K. Nayak, G.D. Samal, A.C. Nayak argued by Mr. B. Pujari, Advocates.
For the Respondent: Standing Counsel.

Headnote:Indian Penal Code, 1860—Section 302—Appellant convicted for having caused death of his uncle by assaulting with brickbat on his head—Accused threw stone from a distance of 20-25 cubits and stone hit on backside of head causing profuse bleeding injury—Accused again picked up brickbat and hit on head of victim—Deceased died in hospital—Conviction recording accepting eye version of son and widow of deceased—Appeal—Defence plea was that deceased came to house of accused, assaulted accused with stick and while leaving the place tried to run away, fell down and hit his head against road—Defence plea appeared not improbable—Evidence to show that stone MO1 was weighing about 5 kilogram and could not have seen thrown by accused to a distance of 25 feet to cause head injury of deceased—Defence plea of deceased suffering head injury due to fall did not appear to be improbable—Doctor admitted that such injury was possible if some body fell by slipping of foot on hard substance—Accused was entitled to benefit of doubt and conviction was liable to be set aside. (Paras 8 and 9)

       Result: Appeal allowed.

       

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The judge notes that the trial Court did not record a finding that the death was homicidal, despite evidence suggesting head injury may be ante mortem but with reasonable doubt (PW13’s opinion) [5000203740004][5000203740005]. - PW13 stated that a 5 kg stone could not have been thrown 25 feet to cause the head injury, and that head injury could also occur if the person fell while running; defense theory not improbable, undermining the homicidal death conclusion [5000203740006][5000203740007]. - The appellate court acquitted the appellant, holding that prosecution failed to prove homicidal death given conflicting evidence and the fall theory, and granted benefit of doubt, setting aside conviction under Section 302 IPC [5000203740008][5000203740009]. - The appeal itself was allowed; the reasoning centers on whether the injuries could be homicidal versus accidental, and whether the eye-witnesses alone suffice given the expert’s doubts (!) (!) (!) (!) . - Prosecution relied on eye-witnesses (PW1, PW4, PW5) and physical MOIs (stone MOI, brick MOII) to prove murder, but the doctor’s contrary findings weakened the case for homicidal death [5000203740004][5000203740006]. - The defense argued deceased came to house, assaulted accused, and fell, causing injury; this theory gained weight due to PW13’s opinion [5000203740004][5000203740007]. - The court emphasizes the need for clear homicide finding to sustain a murder conviction; failure to record it leads to acquittal even if other evidence supports the act [5000203740005][5000203740009].

What is the sufficiency of evidence to prove homicidal death in a murder conviction when expert opinion doubts the feasibility of the alleged weapon causing the head injury?

What is the effect of the trial court’s failure to explicitly record a finding of homicidal death on the validity of a murder conviction?

What are the circumstances under which a convict is entitled to the benefit of doubt and acquittal in a murder case based on conflicting testimonial and expert evidence?


JUDGMENT

P.K. Tripathy, J.—Appellant Tuna Prusty and his father Kunja Bihari Prusty faced the trial in S.T. Case No. 355(1) of 2000-2001 in the Court of Additional Sessions Judge, Deogarh on the allegations that on 25.4.2000 at about 1.00p.m., they shared the common intention to kill Benudhar Sahu (hereinafter referred to as “the deceased”). In course of trial, because of absence of sufficient evidence to connect accused Kunja Bihari Prusty with the crime, learned Additional Sessions Judge acquitted him of the charge. At the same time on assessment of evidence on record, he found that prosecution has proved charge of murder against the accused appellant Tuna Prusty. Accordingly, he convicted him under Section 302, I.P.C. and sentenced him to undergo imprisonment for life. In this appeal, the appellant challenges that order of conviction pronounced by the learned Additional Sessions Judge on 17.7.2001.

2. Prosecution case is that accused Kunja Bihari Prusty and the deceased are co-brothers-in-law. Accused Tuna Prusty is son of accused Kunja, whereas Moochi Sahu (PW6) is the son of the deceased. Tuna and Moochi, the cousins were good friends. On the assumption of the deceased and his wife, Tuna is a spoiled child and in his association, PW6 was keeping bad habits and getting addicted to intoxicants. Several times, they requested the parents of accused Tuna to caution their child i.e. Tuna not to allure Moochi or to mix with him, but notwithstanding such caution on 24.4.2000, the deceased and his wife found their son missing and not returning to the house in the night. On 25.4.2000 in the bathing ghat, when the wife of the deceased confronted that fact to her sister i.e. the mother of accused Tuna, then there was a quarrel between the two sisters. After returning to house, wife of the deceased narrated to him about the altercations with her sister and the deceased then proceeded to the house of the accused persons to raise protest. According to the prosecution, after ascertaining about the whereabouts of his son from accused Kunja and his wife and also accused Tuna, the deceased scolded them and returned. While he was so returning, as alleged, accused Tuna threw the stone, MO1, from a distance of 20-25 cubits and that stone hit on the backside of the head near ear and caused profuse bleeding injury. On sustaining that blow, the deceased fell down on the road and accused Tuna again picked up the brickbat more than half of its length and threw it at the deceased. That brickbat hit on the cheek and ear and also caused bleeding injury. Accused Kunja also picked up a brick and came to thrash it on the deceased but the eyewitnesses gathered there caught hold of him and removed the brick from his hand. The deceased in injured conditions was taken to the hospital. He was granted treatment there but the deceased could not revive and died in the hospital. According to the Investigating Officer, this occurrence took place at a distance of about 100 yards from the Deogarh Town Police station and that too in front of the house of the Officer-in-charge of the police station. Jhasketan Sahoo (PW4) lodged the F.I.R., Ex. 4 and set the law into motion.

3. To substantiate the charge, prosecution relied on the evidence of thirteen witnesses and the stone and the brick marked MOs. I and II as the material objects besides documents marked Exs. 1 to 8. While denying to the charge, claimed for trial, accused Kunja Bihari Prusty took the defence plea that by the time of occurrence he was not present in the house but after returning to the house, he learnt about hospitalization of the deceased and saw him there. Accused Tuna Prusty took the defence plea that the deceased came to their house and assaulted him and while running away from the house he fell on the road and sustained the injuries. In support of such defence plea neither of the accused adduced supported defence evidence.

4. On appreciation of the evidence of Dr. Parsuram Sahu (PW13), learned A

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