PATNA HIGH COURT
Raj Kishore Prasad, J.
Mt.Raisunnissa
Versus
Mojibur Rahman
Civil Revision No. 253 of 1958 ; 254 of 1958 ; 255 of 1958 ; 256 of 1958 ; 257 of 1958 ;
Decided On : NOVEMBER 04, 1960
AUCTION SALE - SETTING ASIDE - COMPOSITE SALE - PARTIAL SETTING ASIDE - LEGALITY - ORDER 21, RULE 90, CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE - INTERPRETATION.
Fact of the Case:
In five execution cases, properties were sold in auction to satisfy decrees against three judgment-debtors, including the original petitioner, Kafiluddin. Nurul Haq, one of the judgment-debtors, applied to set aside the sales under Order 21, Rule 90, Code of Civil Procedure, claiming knowledge of the sales only recently. The executing Court allowed the applications and set aside the sales. The auction-purchaser appealed, and during the pendency of the appeals, a compromise was reached between Nurul Haq and the auction-purchaser, resulting in the setting aside of the sale only in respect of Nurul Haq's four annas share, while upholding the sale for the remaining twelve annas share of the other judgment-debtors. The original petitioner, Kafiluddin, who had not applied for setting aside the sales, challenged the order confirming the sale of the twelve annas share.
Finding of the Court:
The Court held that the sale in each case was composite, comprising undivided though distinct interests of the three judgment-debtors, and was proclaimed as if it belonged to a single owner without specifying the separate interests. Such a sale could not be split up into parts, and an application to set aside the sale had to be for the entire sale, not just a portion of it. The Court further held that the order of the Court of appeal below, setting aside the sale only in respect of Nurul Haq's four annas share, was illegal and could not be upheld.
Issues: 1. Whether a composite auction sale, comprising undivided though distinct interests of multiple judgment-debtors, can be set aside partially under Order 21, Rule 90, Code of Civil Procedure? 2. Whether the order of the Court of appeal below, setting aside the sale only in respect of one judgment-debtor's share while upholding the sale for the remaining shares, was valid?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Order 21, Rule 90, Code of Civil Procedure, speaks of setting aside a sale in its entirety, not partially. A sale affected by material irregularities or fraud cannot be set aside in part, and it is immaterial that the person applying to set it aside is interested only in a fractional share of the property sold. 2. A composite auction sale, comprising undivided though distinct interests of multiple judgment-debtors, cannot be split up into parts. An application to set aside such a sale must be for the entire sale, not just a portion of it. Setting aside the sale partially would be illegal and could not be upheld.
Final Decision: The Court allowed the revisional applications, set aside the order of the Court of appeal below confirming the sale of the twelve annas share of the petitioners and another, and held that the sale in each case was set aside in its entirety. The Court also allowed the petitioners to withdraw the sum of Rs. 1000/- deposited by them in the Court, subject to the decree-holder withdrawing a sum of Rs. 586/- out of it in full satisfaction of his claim in all the five execution cases, and the auction-purchaser withdrawing the balance sum of Rs. 432/-.
Raj Kishore Prasad, J.
1. These five applications, in revision, by Skh. Kafiluddin, a judgment-debtor, who is now dead, arise out of an equal number of application made under Order 21, Rule 90, Code of Civil Procedure, not by him but by Nurul Haq, one of the other two judgment-debtors, who is opposite party 4 in this Court, in each of the five execution cases, for setting aside the sales of different properties in each case.
2. What happened was this : One Jinat Ali had two sons, Nasiruddin, husband of Mt. Pano, opposite party 5, and Kafiluddin, the original petitioner before this Court, on whose death, his heirs have been substituted as petitioners. Nasiruddin had two sons, Abclul Haq, opposite parly 3, and Nurul Haq, opposite party 4. Abdul Haq had a son Sayeed Akhtar, who is the decree holder-opposite pary 2. Sayeed Akhtar obtained five decrees against his father, Abdul Haq, his uncle, Nurut Haq, the applicant for setting aside the sales, and grand-uncle, Kafiluddin, the original petitioner, for arrears of rent in respect of five different holdings, Those decrees were executed separately and different properties were put to sale for realisation of the decretal amounts.
3. Civil Revision No. 253 of 1958 arises out of Execution Case No. 6 of 1953, in which 8.19 acres of land was sold for Rs. 60.00 on the 5th February, 1954; Civil Revision No. 254 of 1958 arises out of Execution Case No. 8 of 1953, in which 2.61 acres of land was sold for Rs. 80.00 on the 5th February, 1954; Civil Revision No. 2.55 of 1958 arises out of Execution Case No. 7 of 1953, in which. 56 bighas were sold for Rs. 90.00 on the 7th December, 1953; Civil Revision No. 256 of 1958 arises out of Execution Case No. 435 of 1933, in which 1.48 acres were sold for Rs. 65/- on the 12th June, 1954; and Civil Revision No. 2-37 of 1958 arises out of Execution Case No. 436 of 1953, in which 3 bighas and odd were sold for Rs. 137 on the 12th June, 1954.
4. In all the above five auction sales, the auction purchaser was one Mojibur Rahman, opposite party 1, the admitted brother-in-law of Abdul Haq, one of the judgment-debtors and the father of Sayeed Akhtar, the decree-holder, in other words, his own Mamu (maternal uncle).
5. All the above auction-sold lands were joint between the three judgment-debtors, namely Ab- dul Haq, Mural Haq and Kafiluddin, and in each of the land sold Nurul Haq had an undivided four annas share and the other two had the remaining undivided twelve annas share.
6. Only Nurul Haq, one of the three judgment-debtors, made an application on the 27th November, 1954, for setting aside the entire sale, in each of these five cases, separately. He pleaded that he got knowledge of the sales on the 6th November, 1954, and, therefore, he could not make an application within the statutory period of limitation earlier. The executing Court allowed these applications of Nurul Haq on the 31st August, 1955, and set aside the sale in each of these five cases. The auction-purchaser, Mojibur Rahman, thereafter, took an appeal to the Court of appeal below, against the said order of the executing Court setting aside the sales.
7. During the pendency of the appeals in the Court of Appeal below, there was a compromise between the auction-purchaser, Mojibur Rahman, and Nurul Haq, the judgment-debtor-sole applicant, on the 27th January, 1956. This compromise was recorded by the learned Additional District Judge on the same day, i.e., 27th January, 1956. The order, so far as is material, is to the following effect:-
"x x x x x
Let the compromise be recorded and four annas share of Nurul Haq in the auction sold property be released in terms thereof. The appeals are allowed ex parte against the rest, but without costs. With the modification of Nurul Haques share, the sale is upheld and the lower Courts judgment is set aside."
8. Against the above order recording the compromise and setting aside the sale in part, only in respect of the four annas share of Nurul Haq, th
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