A statutory authority exercising quasi-judicial duties must follow the principle of natural justice, which includes providing the accused with adequate opportunity to present their case and defend themselves against allegations.

1. In these two applications which have been heard together a common question of law arises for determination, namely, whether the resolution of the Syndicate of the Ranchi University, annexures I and 1 (1) to the counter-affidavit, and the order of the Ranchi university Annexure J to the counter-affidavit, debarring the petitioners from appearing at any University examination for the period noted against each of them, is illegal, ultra vires and without jurisdiction on the ground that there has been a violation of the principle of natural justice.

2. Cause has been shown on behalf of the respondents to whom notice of the rule was ordered to be given in both these applications.

3. The resolution of the Syndicate is based upon paragraph 21 of Ordinance IV which states as follows: --

"21. The syndicate may on its own initiative or on me report of any Principal and after such enquiry as may be deemed necessary, rusticate a student for any period, if the student is held guilty of gross misconduct or misbehaviour or has been found using any unfair means at any University examination."

4. On behalf of the petitioners the main argument put forward by teamed Counsel is that there was no inquiry field by the Unfair Means Scrutiny committee with regard to the allegation levelled against the petitioners, and though the petitioners requested the memoers of the Committee to disclose the basis and the materials upon which the allegation was based the members of the Committee declined to give the petitioners the materials and the basis of the allegation. A statement to this effect is made in paragraph 9 of the application in Miscellaneous Judicial Case No. 818 of 1963 and also in Miscellaneous Judicial Case No. 846 of 1963. In the counter-affidavit filed on behalf of the respondents there is no effective denial of the allegations made by the petitioners, in paragraph 16 of the counter-affidavit the respondents state that the petitioners were individually informed of the charge against them at the lime of the interview, but it is not stated by the respondents that the petitioners were shown the answer books or the other materials upon which the Unfair Means Scrutiny Committee came to the conclusion that the petitioners were guilty or the charge of using unfair means in the examination hall. In paragraphs 10 and 11 of the application it is also alleged by the petitioners that the invigilators and other professors who were examined by the Committee were examined behind the back of the petitioners and further the petitioners were not given any opportunity to cross-examine them. There is no reply to this allegation in the counter-affidavit filed on behalf of the respondents. In these circumstances we think that the present case falls within the principle of the decision of Supreme Court in Board of High School and Intermediate Education, U.P. V/s. Ghanshyam Das Gupta, AIR 1962 SC 1110, it was pointed out in that case by the Supreme Court that if the statutory authority has power to do any dand which would prejudicially affect the subject, then, although there were not two parties apart from the authority ace the contest was between the authority proposing to do the act and the subject opposing it, the final determination of the authority would yet be a quasi-judicial act provided the authority is required by the statute to act judicially. The statute is, however, not likely to provide in so many words that the authority passing the order is required to act judicially; that can only be inferred from the express provisions of the statute in the first instance in each case, and no one circumstance alone will be determinative of the question whether the authority set up by the statute has the duty to act judicially or not me inference whether the authority acting under a statute where it is silent has the duty to act judicially will depend on the express provisions of the statute real along with the nature of the rights affected, the manner o