IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Ashwani Kumar Singh, Arvind Srivastava, JJ.
Shambhu Choudhary @ Shambhu Nath Choudhary - Appellant
Versus
State Of Bihar & Ors. - Respondent
Criminal Appeal (DD) No. 228 of 2020
Decided On : 31-08-2021
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 324, 326, 341, 307 and 452 read with Section 34 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Proviso to Section 372 – Attempt to murder, hurt, wrongful restraint and house trespass – Appeal against acquittal – Trial court has recorded in impugned judgement that after issuance of summons to witnesses all efforts were taken to ensure their appearance but no prosecution witness turned up to depose before Court – Prosecution witnesses were aware of proceedings going on before trial court – They had already entered into appearance and deposed before court before summoning of respondents under Section 319 of Cr.P.C. – In spite of processes having been issued against witnesses in de novo trial, none of them turned up to support prosecution case – Trial could not have been kept pending for an infinite period awaiting for witnesses – Judgment of acquittal passed by trial Court upheld. (Paras 11, 13 to 16)
JUDGMENT
Ashwani Kumar Singh, J. - Heard Mr. Arun Kumar Singh, learned counsel for the appellant and Dr. Mayanand Jha, learned counsel for the State.
2. By filing the instant appeal under the proviso to Section 372 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the appellant has challenged the judgement dated 16.11.2019 passed in Sessions Trial No. 55 of 2003 by the learned Presiding Officer, Fast Track Court - II, Bhojpur at Ara whereby and whereunder the respondent nos. 2 to 4 have been acquitted of the charges framed against them for the offences punishable under Sections 324, 326, 341, 307 and 452 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.
3. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the respondent nos. 2 to 4 were summoned under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. He contended that in the main trial, altogether 9 witnesses were examined on behalf of the prosecution, out of whom P.W.1 to P.W.6 had fully supported the prosecution case. However, during trial, the Medical Officer, who had examined the victim and the Investigating Officer were not examined. Since they are official witnesses, for their failure to turn up before the court during trial, the case of the appellant ought not to have adversely affected. Lastly, he contended that the judgement of acquittal has been recorded by the Trial Court erroneously without appreciating the fact that no summon were ever served upon the appellant.
4. On the other hand, learned counsel appearing for the State submitted that from the record, it would appear that the FIR was registered in the year 1994 and the case was committed to the court of session in January, 2003. The Respondent nos. 2 to 4 were not sent up for trial. The trial had proceeded against only Deolal Bind. In his trial, after examination of 9 witnesses, respondent nos. 2 to 4 were summoned by the Trial Court, as additional accused, in exercise of power conferred under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. He contended that after appearance of the respondent nos. 2 to 4, the trial court issued summons and processes, in order to ensure appearance of the prosecution witnesses, but none of the witness was examined on behalf of the prosecution. He contended that after exhausting all the processes, the Trial Court closed the prosecution case and in absence of any evidence on record acquitted the respondent nos. 2 to 4 and discharged them from the liabilities of their bail bonds. He contended that there is no illegality in the order passed by the Court below.
5. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and carefully perused the records. The FIR relates to occurrence that had taken place in the month of January, 1994. It is based on the fardbeyan of the appellant Shambhu Choudhary @ Shambhunath Choudhury, which was recorded by the SHO, Shahpur Police Station at Referal Hospital, Shahpur on 5th of November, 1994. In his fardbeyan, he had stated that on 4th of November, 1994 at about 1.30 AM., when he along with his father Shiv Barat @ Sheo Barat Choudhary was sleeping in front of his house in Palani, he woke up on hearing some sound. He saw that Raghunath Ahir and Deonath Bind, having Daab in their hands, were repeatedly assaulting his father while Deolal Bind and Dharam Bind were catching hold of his legs. He raised alarm and saw cut injury on the neck of his father. He also saw injuries on different parts of his body. On his alarm, villagers rushed there whereafter the accused persons fled away. He stated that about a year ago Deonath Bind and Raghunath Ahir had taken away Masoor crop from his khalihan to which they had objected and the accused persons threatened them of dire consequences.
6. On the basis of the fardbeyan of the informant, Shahpur P.S. Case No. 135 of 1994 was registered. On Completion of investigation, the police submitted charge sheet only against Deolal Bind.
7. On perusal of the chargesheet, learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Bhojpur at Ara took cognizance of the offences and summoned D
The failure to summon all prosecution witnesses constitutes a denial of fair trial, rendering the acquittal perverse and necessitating a retrial.
A court's acquittal is unsustainable if crucial evidence is not brought forth, particularly if the prosecution fails to examine key witnesses, indicating investigative negligence.
The trial court must ensure all relevant witnesses are examined to prevent miscarriage of justice in dowry-related homicide cases.
An acquittal by the trial court reinforces the presumption of innocence, and an appeal against such acquittal requires substantial justification, which was lacking in this case.
The discretionary power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. to summon additional accused should be exercised sparingly and only when cogent evidence is available, and the trial court is expected to elicit all ....
Examination of witnesses in the absence of the accused violated the right of the accused for cross-examination, leading to the setting aside of the conviction and acquittal of the appellant.
Trial courts must ensure the presence of key witnesses; failure to secure witness testimony can lead to acquittal despite oral evidence of injuries.
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