JYOTIRMAY BHATTACHARYA, J.
Dr. Deepak Sharma
versus
Smt. Vineeta Sharma.
C. O. No. 80 of 2008 Decided on : 24 -1 -2008.
SPECIAL MARRIAGE ACT, 1954 - SECTION 28(2) - CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE, 1908 - ORDER 19, RULE 1 - DIVORCE - MUTUAL CONSENT - PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF PARTIES - AFFIDAVIT EVIDENCE - RELAXATION OF SIX MONTHS RESTRICTION - POWER OF ATTORNEY HOLDER - SCOPE OF EVIDENCE - INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 28(2) - INTENT OF LEGISLATION - SUMMARY OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES
Fact of the Case:
Petitioner sought to challenge an order rejecting their joint application under Section 151 of the Civil Procedure Code to relax the six-month restricted period for moving a motion for divorce by mutual consent under Section 28(2) of the Special Marriage Act.
Finding of the Court:
1. Personal presence of parties before the court on the second occasion for moving a joint petition for divorce by mutual consent is not mandatory. 2. Affidavit evidence can be relied upon to satisfy the court about the genuineness of averments in the petition and the absence of force, fraud, or undue influence in obtaining consent. 3. Power of attorney holder cannot depose on behalf of the principal for acts done by the principal and not by the power-of-attorney holder. 4. The minimum six-month time limit for moving the court for a decree for divorce on mutual consent under Section 28(2) of the Special Marriage Act cannot be relaxed.
Issues: 1. Whether personal presence of parties is mandatory for moving a joint petition for divorce by mutual consent under Section 28(2) of the Special Marriage Act? 2. Whether affidavit evidence can be relied upon to satisfy the court about the genuineness of averments in the petition and the absence of force, fraud, or undue influence in obtaining consent? 3. Whether a power of attorney holder can depose on behalf of the principal for acts done by the principal and not by the power-of-attorney holder? 4. Whether the minimum six-month time limit for moving the court for a decree for divorce on mutual consent under Section 28(2) of the Special Marriage Act can be relaxed?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Section 40 of the Special Marriage Act attracts the Code of Civil Procedure, allowing for affidavit evidence under Order 19. 2. The court can be satisfied about the ingredients for passing a decree for divorce on mutual consent through affidavit evidence. 3. Power of attorney holder cannot depose for principal in respect of matters of which only the principal can have personal knowledge. 4. The intent of the legislation providing an interregnum period for reflection and reconciliation would be defeated by allowing a decree before the minimum six-month period.
Final Decision: The revisional application challenging the order rejecting the petitioners' joint application for relaxation of the six-month restricted period for moving a motion for divorce by mutual consent was dismissed.
2. The propriety of such an order is under challenge in this revisional application at the instance of the petitioner No.1 (husband).
3. Let me give the short background of this case under which such an application was filed jointly by the parties before the learned Trial Judge.
4. Admittedly the marriage between the parties was solemnized at Calcutta on 17th October, 2001. The said marriage was registered under the Special Marriage Act. The parties live together as husband and wife till 27th October, 2001. Thereafter, the petitioner (husband) left for USA and the parties never cohabitated as husband and wife after 27th October, 2001.
5. Despite best efforts, the parties could not reconcile their differences. Since the martial ties between the parties has completely and irretrievably broken down between the parties, both the parties decided to dissolve their marriage by a decree of divorce by mutual consent.
6. Accordingly, an application for divorce was filed by the parties on 10th August, 2007.
7. In the said matrimonial suit, a joint petition under Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure was filed by the
parties, inter alia, praying for relaxation of the six months restricted period for enabling the parties to move the learned Trial Judge jointly for passing a decree for dissolution of marriage by mutual consent even without waiting till the expiry of the period of six months from the date of presentation of the joint petition for divorce on the ground that continuation of the marriage will simply increase the agony of the parties.
8. The said joint petition was supported by affidavit. So far as the husband is concerned, his affidavit was affirmed by power of attorney holder on his behalf. The wife, however, affirmed the said affidavit herself.
9. When the said application was taken up for hearing, question cropped up before the learned Trial Judge as to whether the Court can proceed on the basis of the said application under Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure as the same was not affirmed by the petitioner (husband) himself.
10. Considering the language of the provision contained in Section 28 of the Special Marriage Act and the intent of the said provisions, the learned Trial Judge ultimately held that in order to get the relief by way of divorce by mutual consent, it is necessary that the joint petition for divorce must be moved by both the parties on second occasion, but since one of them being the husband is absent, the ingredients of Section 28 (2) of the Special Marriage Act, was not fulfilled, particularly in view of the fact that in the absence of one of the parties to the marriage, Court cannot presume that the absentee party has not withheld his earlier consent.
11. Holding as such, the learned trial Judge rejected the petitioners' prayer for allowing them to move the joint petition for divorce on the second occasion by relaxing the restriction regarding moving this application before expiry of six months from the date of presentation of the said petition.
12. Let me now consider as to how far the learned Trial Judge was justified in rejecting the petitioners' said application under Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
13. For considering the propriety of the impugned order, this Court is required to consider the following two questions :-
1. Whether the pers
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