High Court Of Calcutta
P. K. BANERJI, G. N. RAY
DHANE ALI MIA - Appellant
Versus
SOBHAN ALI - Respondent
A. F. O. D 990 Of 1964
Decided On : 10/11/1977
WILL - MOHAMMADEN LAW - VALIDITY - CONSENT OF HEIRS - LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION - GRANT TO MINOR EXECUTORS THROUGH GUARDIAN - MAINTAINABILITY - INDIAN SUCCESSION ACT, 1865, SECTIONS 244, 245 - CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE, 1908, ORDER 32, RULE 5.
Fact of the Case:
A petition was filed for grant of letters of administration to the estate of the deceased Dhanbi Bewa based on a will bequeathing all her properties to the petitioners, who were also appointed executors under the will. The petitioners were minors represented by their certificated guardian mother, Naharbi Bewa. The application was contested by Dhane Ali, the uterine brother of the deceased, and other heirs, who claimed that the will was forged and that the deceased did not have testamentary capacity at the time of its execution.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the Probate Court's duty was to consider whether the will had been genuinely made by the testator out of his or her free volition and whether it had been properly executed and attested in accordance with law, and not to decide the question of title. The court also held that the application for grant of letters of administration by the minor executors duly represented by their certificated guardian was maintainable under Sections 244 and 245 of the Indian Succession Act and Order 32, Rule 5 of the Civil Procedure Code.
Issues: 1. Whether the will was valid under Mohammaden law, considering that it bequeathed the entire estate of the deceased to an heir without the consent of the other heirs. 2. Whether the application for grant of letters of administration by the minor executors through their guardian was maintainable. 3. Whether the will was genuine and executed by the testatrix out of her free volition and in accordance with law.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the question of whether the will was valid under Mohammaden law was not relevant in the proceeding for grant of letters of administration, as the Probate Court's duty was limited to considering the genuineness, proper execution, and attestation of the will. 2. The court held that the application for grant of letters of administration by the minor executors through their guardian was maintainable under Sections 244 and 245 of the Indian Succession Act and Order 32, Rule 5 of the Civil Procedure Code. 3. The court held that the will was not genuine and had not been executed by the testatrix out of her free volition and in accordance with law, based on discrepancies in the testimonies of the witnesses and evidence that the testatrix was seriously ill and not in proper senses at the time of the alleged execution of the will.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, the judgment and decree granting letters of administration were set aside, and the letters of administration were cancelled.
( 1 ) THIS appeal arises out of the judgment and decree passed in O. C. Suit No. 7 of 1959 (Letters of Administration) of the Court of the learned District Judge, Jalpaiguri, wherein an application for grant of letters of adminis-tratinn was made by the petitioners Sohan Ali and Abed Ali through their certificated guardian mother Naharbi Bewa. The said minor petitioners prayed for letters of administration to the estate of the deceased Dhanbi Bewa on the basis of the last will and testament made by her bequeathing all her properties to the said petitioners who were also appointed executors under the said will. One Jabed Ali died leaving two wives, namely, Dhanbi Bewa and Naharbi Bewa. The said Jabed AH had another wife named Dhado Bibi who had pre-deceased her husband leaving a son Abdul Jubbar who was alive. Dhanbi Bewa was childless and she died on the 9th Kartick, 1364 B. S. leaving behind the will in question in respect of which the aforesaid letters of administration had been prayed for. By the aforesaid will, the said Dhanbi Bewa had bequeathed all her properties to the sons of Naharbi Bewa. One Dhane Ali who was the uterine brother of the deceased Dhanbi Bewa and her other heirs contested the aforesaid application for letters of administration by filing two separate sets of written objection. One of such sets of written petition was filed by Dhane Ali himself. It was contended by the said objectors including Dhane Ali that the alleged will annexed to the letters of administration was not the last will and testament of the deceased Dhanbi Bewa and that the said Dhanbi Bewa had never executed any such will and had not authorised any person to write her name on such will nor did she put her thumb impression in any such writing. It was also contended that the applicant was not entitled to get letters of administration. The objectors further contended that the alleged will was forged, collusive and concocted and Dhanbi Bewa was old and very ill and had no testamentary capacity at the time of the execution of the alleged will.
( 2 ) THE learned District Judge efter hearing the materials on record and evidences adduced by the parties allowed the said application for grant of Letters of administration and directed that letters of administration with the copy of the said will annexed should be granted to Naharbi Bewa on behalf of the minor applicants until the said minor applicants had attained majority on furnishing an administration bond by the said Naharbi Bewa for such amount as would be determined by the Court after obtaining the Collector's report as to valuation of the estate of the deceased and on payment of duty according to the valuation of the estate of the deceased.
( 3 ) THE objectors being aggrieved by the judgment and decree passed in the said O. C. Suit No. 7 of 1959 preferred the instant appeal to this Court.
( 4 ) MR. A. C. Roy the learned Advocate appearing for the appellants contended that on the face of the alleged will no Letters of administration should have been granted by the Court inasmuch as such will purporting to bequeath the entire estate of the deceased in favour of some co-sharers was opposed to Moham-maden law and as such the said will was void ab initio. Mr. Roy contended that when such will cannot be lawfully made under the Mohammaden law the Probate Court should not grant any letters of administration on the basis of a void will. It was no longer necessary for the Probate Court to decide the cases of the parties on merit because the alleged will being void under the Mohammaden Law, the application for letters of administration on the strength of a void will should have been thrown in limine. In this connection, Mr. Roy referred to Mulla's Mohammaden law and submitted that without the consent of an heir, a Mohammaden is not entitled to bequeath his or her estate to another co-sharer in its entirety and any will purporting to bequeath the entirety of the estate of a Mohammaden
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