SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

1983 Supreme(Cal) 4

High Court Of Calcutta
CHITTATOSH MUKHERJEE, AMITABHA DUTTA
UMARANI SEN - Appellant
Versus
SUDHIR KUMAR DATTA - Respondent
A. F. A. D.  300  Of  1974
Decided On : 01/14/1983

Advocates Appeared:
ASOKE DEY, B.K.BANERJEE, S.P.ROYCHOWDHURY

A bailee can sue a common carrier for loss or injury of goods.

Headnote:

COMMON CARRIER - LIABILITY - BAILOR AND BAILEE - RIGHT TO SUE - CARRIERS ACT, S. 3 - PARTNERSHIP ACT, S. 69 (2) - INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, S. 180 - ENGLISH COMMON LAW.

Fact of the Case:

Plaintiffs, an unregistered partnership firm, sued the defendants, a common carrier and its driver, for damages for non-delivery and damage to goods entrusted to them for carriage. The trial court decreed the suit, but the lower appellate court dismissed it, holding that the plaintiffs had no locus standi to sue as they were not the owners of the goods and that they had failed to prove the value of the undelivered packages and the quantum of loss of the damaged goods.

Finding of the Court:

The High Court held that the plaintiffs, as bailees of the goods, were entitled to enforce the duty imposed by law upon the defendant No. 3 who was a common carrier and to sue the latter in tort for breach of their common law duty.

Issues: 1. Whether an unregistered partnership firm can sue a common carrier for breach of contract. 2. Whether a bailee can sue a common carrier for loss or injury of goods.

Ratio Decidendi: 1. Section 69 (2) of the Partnership Act bars unregistered firms from enforcing rights arising from contracts entered into by them. 2. The duties and obligations of a common carrier are governed by the English Common law as modified by the provisions of the Indian Carriers Act. 3. Under the Common law, a common carrier is bound to deliver the goods within a reasonable time and to insure their safety, during their carriage and until delivery; act of God and the King's enemies only excepted. 4. The obligation is not founded upon contract but on the exercise of public employment for reward. 5. The duty arises irrespective of the contract. 6. The owner of goods may sue common carrier for breach of the Common law duty in an action of tort. 7. A consignor at whose risk goods are carried may have a special property, in the goods as bailee sufficient to entitle him to sue. 8. Section 180 of the Indian Contract Act empowers bailor and bailees to sue wrong-doers for conversion of goods entrusted to them.

Final Decision: The High Court allowed the appeal, set aside the judgment and decree of the lower appellate court, and decreed the plaintiffs' suit for a sum of Rs. 4000. 00 against the defendant-respondents.

CHITTATOSH MOOKERJEE, J.

( 1 ) THIS second appeal is at the instance of the plaintiffs in a suit for recovery of Rs. 7086. 44 p. as damages from the defendant Nos. 1 and 2. The learned Additional Subordinate Judge, Balurghat and decreed the suit in favour of the plaintiff. The defendant No. 1's appeal was allowed by the learned Additional District Judge, West Dinajpore and the suit in question was dismissed.

( 2 ) THE plaintiff's claim in the plaint was that they carried on business jointly under the trade name, Jaidurga Transport Company. The lower appellate court has found that the plaintiffs were members of an unregistered partnership firm. They were not the owners of the goods, which in pursuance of an alleged contract between the plaintiffs and the defendant No. 1 were made over, at Calcutta, for carriage by the defendant's truck and delivery at plaintiffs branch office at Raigunj. At the time of the delivery of the said consignment, 16 packages were not delivered on the ground that they were stolen from the truck of the defendant No. 1. Seven bales were found damaged by water. Both the trial Court and the lower appellate court have concurrently upheld the contention of the plaintiffs that the defendant No. 1 was a common carrier but the lower appellate court reversed the finding of the trial Court that the plaintiffs in their individual capacity had entered into the contract of carriage with the defendant No. 1 and, therefore, the plaintiff who were members of an unregistered firm had no locus standi to file the suit. The learned Additional District Judge, however, upheld the learned Subordinate Judge's finding that the plaintiffs had entered into with the defendant a contract for carriage of the goods in question and that out of the said consignment there was non-delivery of 16 packages and seven bales were delivered in damaged condition. The learned Additional District Judge, held that the plaintiffs were not entitled to any damages because they failed to prove the value of the undelivered packages and the quantum of loss of the damaged goods and the value thereof. In our view, the learned Additional District Judge rightly held that the plaintiffs as partners of an unregistered firm had brought the suit and, therefore, they were not entitled under Section 69 (2) of the Partnership Act to enforce any right arising from a contract between the said unregistered firm, on the one hand, and the defendant No. 1, on the other. The plaintiffs did not claim to be the owners of the goods in respect of which they had brought the suit for recovery of damages from the defendants. Their case was that they had a transport business and they carried goods of their customers from one place to another through their own trucks and also through the trucks of other carriers. Pursuant to a verbal contract, a truck belonging to the defendant No. 1 and driven by the defendant No. 2 had carried diverse goods under Challan No. 190 dated 19-4-71 from the plaintiff's Calcutta address to their branch office at Raigunj. The plain-tiffs pleaded that due to gross negligence and active misconduct of the defendants they had sustained loss as detailed in the schedule to the plaint The extent of damage was ascertained on the basis of payments made by the plaintiffs to their sundry customers who were owners of the loss and damaged goods and which had been entrusted by them to the plaintiffs for transport to the destination. Therefore, the plaintiffs not being owners of the goods in question were not entitled to sue the defendant No. 1, who was a common carrier for breach of the latter's duty under the Carriers Act.

( 3 ) THE lower appellate court, however, has failed to consider that the owner of the goods which were either damaged or lost had made over them to the plaintiffs for carriage and the plaintiffs were bound to deliver them at their own risk to the said owners The plaintiffs on their own be-half had entered into contract with the defendant No.





Click Here to Read the rest of this document

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Judicial Analysis

AI

SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top