High Court Of Calcutta
PRATIBHA BONNERJEA
RAMKRIPAL SHARMA - Appellant
Versus
UNION OF INDIA - Respondent
Matter 369 Of 1983
Decided On : 05/03/1985
ARBITRATION - JURISDICTION - FORUM SELECTION CLAUSE - EFFECT OF SECTION 31 (4) OF THE ARBITRATION ACT - COURT'S EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION - APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 14 (2) OF THE ARBITRATION ACT - FIRST APPLICATION - EFFECT.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner, a sole proprietor of a business, entered into a contract with the respondent to supply M. S. rounds at an agreed rate. The contract included a term for inspection of goods by the respondent before supply, which was conducted by the respondent's representative from within the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court. The respondent allegedly wrongfully rejected the goods and, in response, the petitioner initiated arbitration proceedings. Both the Calcutta High Court and the Gauhati Court had jurisdiction to entertain the application for filing the award, as the inspection certificates were issued within the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court, and the acceptance of tender was issued from Gauhati. However, the contract contained a forum selection clause, specifying that the court from where the acceptance of tender was issued would have jurisdiction to decide any dispute arising out of the contract. The respondent argued that this clause should be given effect, and the Calcutta High Court should decline to exercise its jurisdiction.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that Section 31 (4) of the Arbitration Act vested exclusive jurisdiction in the court where an application for filing an award was first made under Section 14 of the Act, ousting the jurisdiction of all other courts. The court rejected the respondent's argument that the forum selection clause should prevail over Section 31 (4), as the statutory bar under Section 31 (4) was applicable to subsequent applications only, not to the first application. The court further held that the mere making or filing of an application, not its entertainment or disposal, attracted the provisions of Section 31 (4).
Issues: 1. Whether the forum selection clause in the contract should be given effect, ousting the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court. 2. Whether Section 31 (4) of the Arbitration Act vested exclusive jurisdiction in the court where an application for filing an award was first made under Section 14 of the Act, notwithstanding the forum selection clause.
Ratio Decidendi: The court relied on the provisions of Section 31 (4) of the Arbitration Act, which clearly stated that where an application under the Act had been made in a court competent to entertain it, that court alone would have jurisdiction over the arbitration proceedings and all subsequent applications arising out of that reference. The court held that this provision vested exclusive jurisdiction in the court where the first application was made, and that the forum selection clause could not prevail over this statutory bar. The court also noted that the application under Section 14 (2) of the Arbitration Act was the first application in the matter, and therefore, the Calcutta High Court was vested with exclusive jurisdiction.
Final Decision: The court directed the arbitrator to file the award dated 4-3-83 together with the records of the proceedings in the Calcutta High Court. The parties were ordered to pay and bear their respective costs of the application.
( 1 ) THE petitioner carries on business under the name and style of Standard Steel Suppliers at No. 5/1, Clive Row, Calcutta as the sole proprietor thereof. The petitioner entered into a contract with the respondent to supply M. S. rounds at agreed rate and the respondent issued a purchase order dated 19-10-81. One of the terms of the contract was that before supply the petitioner would give inspection of the goods to the respondent. Pursuant to the said agreement the respondent's representative inspected the goods and three inspection certificates were issued by the respondent's Assistant Director of Inspection (MET) from his office at Guha Building at No. 7, Ganesh Chandra Avenue within the jurisdiction aforesaid. The said goods were alleged to be wrongfully rejected by the respondent. By a letter dated 28-4-82, addressed to the petitioner the respondent's controller of stores alleged that the delivery period had expired but the extension of time would be granted if the petitioner would agree to accept Rs. 4,380/- per M. T. instead of Rs. 4,885/- per M. T. as agreed. The petitioner's case is that the said letter was written in breach of the agreement and the petitioner accepted the said breach within the jurisdiction. Disputes arose and the same were referred to the arbitration in terms of the arbitration agreement contained in the contract. The Arbitrator made the award. On 23-3-83, the petitioner made the present application under Section 14 (2) of the Arbitration Act in this Court for direction on the Arbitrator to file the award in this Court. On 30-3-83, the respondent made a similar application in Gauhati Court for filing the said award in that Court. The question is which Court will have jurisdiction in the matter?
( 2 ) THE respondent's counsel submits that no part of the cause of action arose within the jurisdiction of this Court and as such this Court cannot entertain this application. I am unable to accept this submission. Under the terms of the contract, the respondent was to take inspection of the goods. The certificates of inspection were issued by the respondent from within the jurisdiction of this Court. This was done in performance of the contract. Hence part of the cause of action arose within the jurisdiction of this Court. The petitioner prayed for leave under Clause 12 of the Letters Patent which was granted. The respondent did not make any application for revocation of the said leave. In that view of the matter, I reject this submission of the respondent. It is, therefore, clear that both this Court and the Gauhati Court have jurisdiction to entertain the application for filing the award.
( 3 ) THE respondent's counsel submit that the contract contained a forum selection clause as follows : 2703 :" Jurisdiction of Court :- The Court of the place from where the acceptance of tender has been issued shall alone have jurisdiction to decide any dispute arising out of or in respect of the contract. " it is an admitted case that the acceptance of tender was issued for Gauhati. The respondent's counsel, relying on the above clause submits, that although this agreement will not divest this Court of its jurisdiction in the matter but this Court being the excluded Court, should not exercise its jurisdiction in view of this lawful agreement between the parties. In support of his contention, he relies on AIR 1971 SC 740, Hakam Singh v. Gammon (India) Ltd. and AIR 1985 Cal 89, Sm. Kumud Agarwalla v. Fertiliser Corporation of India Ltd. In both these cases the excluded Court declined to exercise jurisdiction to give effect to the agreement between the parties.
( 4 ) THE petitioner's counsel however points out that in none of the aforesaid two cases, the effect of the provisions of Section 31 (4) of the Arbitration Act was considered. The petitioner's counsel invites my attention to Section 31 of the Arbitration Act which is set out below :- 31. "jurisdiction.- Subject to the provisions of thi
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