High Court Of Calcutta
M.R. Mallick, M.N. Roy, JJ.
Harendra Nath Ghosal : Appellant
Versus
Superfoam Pvt. Ltd. : Respondent
C.O. 315 Of 1990
Decided On : March 14,1991
SERVICE OF SUMMONS - LIMITED COMPANY - COMPANIES ACT - CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE - INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES - PRESUMPTION OF SERVICE - REBUTTAL OF PRESUMPTION - LIMITATION ACT - KNOWLEDGE OF DECREE - STARTING POINT OF LIMITATION.
Fact of the Case:
A private limited company, the defendant, occupied premises as a tenant under the plaintiff. The plaintiff filed a suit for eviction and served summons by registered post to the tenanted address. The summons was returned with the endorsement "refused." The defendant did not appear to contest the suit, and the plaintiff obtained an ex parte decree. The defendant filed an application under Order 9, Rule 13, Civil Procedure Code, to set aside the ex parte decree, alleging that the summons was fraudulently suppressed. The trial court dismissed the application, holding that the summons had been duly served. The defendant appealed, and the appellate court allowed the appeal and set aside the ex parte decree.
Finding of the Court:
The appellate court found that the summons had not been duly served because it was not served at the registered office of the defendant company as required by Section 51 of the Companies Act. The court also found that the defendant's office at the tenanted premises was closed at the time the summons was allegedly served, and that the presumption of service arising from the return of the summons with the endorsement "refused" had been rebutted.
Issues: 1. Whether the summons was duly served on the defendant company. 2. Whether the defendant's application to set aside the ex parte decree was barred by limitation.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the summons was not duly served on the defendant company because it was not served at the registered office of the company as required by Section 51 of the Companies Act. The court interpreted Rule 2 of Order 29, Civil Procedure Code, which provides for service of summons on corporations, as being subject to Section 51 of the Companies Act in the case of limited companies. The court rejected the plaintiff's argument that the summons could be served at the defendant's business premises under Clause (b) of Rule 2, as this provision applies only to corporations that do not have a registered office. 2. The court held that the defendant's application to set aside the ex parte decree was not barred by limitation. The court applied the principle that when summons has not been duly served, limitation does not start running against the defendant until he has knowledge of the decree. The court found that the defendant did not have knowledge of the decree until November 22, 1985, and that the application was filed within 30 days of that date.
Final Decision: The revision petition was dismissed, and the judgment and order of the appellate court setting aside the ex parte decree was upheld.
M.R. Mallick, J.
1. THIS revision petition under Section 115, Civil Procedure Code, is directed against the order dated January 8, 1990, passed by the Additional District Judge, 8th Court, Alipore, in Miscellaneous Appeal No. 421 of 1988 arising out of Miscellaneous Case No. 44 of 1985 disposed of by the Assistant District Judge, 4th Court, Alipore. Facts may be briefly stated as follows :
2. THE present petitioner as plaintiff filed T. S. No. 13 of 1985 in the Court of the Subordinate Judge, 4th Court, Alipore, for eviction of the opposite party tenant on the ground of reasonable requirement and also on the ground of damaging a portion of the premises in suit. Summons was sought to be served upon the present opposite party both through the bailiff as well as by registered post. As the summons of the suit was sent under registered post to the address of the tenanted premises and as the envelope came with the endorsement "refused" and as the opposite party did not appear to contest the suit, the present petitioner obtained an ex parte decree from the learned trial judge on June 3, 1985. In execution of such decree, the petitioner obtained delivery of possession of the suit property on September 22, 1985, through the process server after breaking the padlock of the tenanted premises in terms of the order passed by the executing court. The opposite party-defendant thereafter filed an application on December 16, 1985, under Order 9, Rule 13, Civil Procedure Code, along with an application filed under Section 5 of the Limitation Act alleging, inter alia, that the plaintiff, with a mala fide intention, in collusion with the process server and the postal peon, suppressed the summons and registered notice upon the defendant-opposite party and obtained the decree on June 3, 1985, that due to some trouble in the business, the opposite party's office in Calcutta had to close the operation of business temporarily and during the absence of the men of the defendant, the plaintiff hurriedly executed the decree and got possession of the premises and appropriated the articles and furniture worth huge amounts, that the officer of the defendant, only on November 13, 1985, came to Calcutta and found that the landlord was in possession of the said property and, upon enquiry in the court on November 22, 1985, came to know about the ex parte decree. The present petitioner opposed the said application which was converted to Miscellaneous Case No. 44 of 1985. The learned trial judge before whom both the parties led oral and documentary evidence, by his order No. 39, dated June 25, 1988, dismissed the miscellaneous case together with the petition under Section 5 of the Limitation Act on the finding that summons had been duly served upon the present opposite party and that the application under Order 9, Rule 13, Civil Procedure Code, was, therefore, liable to be dismissed as there was no sufficient ground for condonation of the delay in filing the application.
Being aggrieved, the present opposite party preferred an appeal and the learned appellate judge in Miscellaneous Appeal No. 421 of 1988, by his judgment and order dated January 8, 1990, allowed the appeal and set aside the ex parte decree in T. S. No. 13 of 1985.
3. BEING aggrieved, the present revision petition has been filed.
4. THE appeal has been contested by the opposite party tenant. It is urged on behalf of the petitioner that the learned appellate judge committed a great illegality in reversing the finding of fact arrived at by the learned trial judge that summons under registered post was duly served. It is contended that even though there was no material for the learned appellate judge to come to the finding that the summons had been fraudulently suppressed, the learned appellate judge came to the finding without any evidence that the witness adduced by the petitioner not being in the" office of the opposite party at about the time when the summons was served or possession was tak
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